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Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI)

Frailty is an indicator of risk of poor health outcomes (e.g. mortality, institutionalization, hospitalization, and functional decline) in elderly people (section: elderly).

The Groningen Frailty Indicator is a self-assessment instrument designed to measure frailty in the elderly from a multidimensional perspective. The GFI was validated in the population of elderly participants in Lifelines¹⁾.

The GFI was filled in by ~10,000 elderly participants in 1A Questionnaire 1 and by ~12,000 elderly participants in follow-up questionnaire 1B.

The following GFI-variables were collected in the context of various general questionnaires:

Questions English	Questions Dutch	Variable	Assessment	Age
Are you able to carry out the following tasks single-handedly and without any help? (The use of help resources, such as a walking stick, walking frame, or wheelchair, is considered to be independent.) Shopping.	Kunt u zonder enige hulp van iemand anders zelfstandig de boodschappen doen, eventueel met behulp van stok, rollator of rolstoel?	GFI1A/COVID54A	1A 1B COVQ	65+
Are you able to carry out the following tasks single-handedly and without any help? (The use of help resources, such as a walking stick, walking frame, or wheelchair, is considered to be independent.) Dressing and undressing.	Kunt u zonder enige hulp van iemand anders zelfstandig zichzelf aan en uitkleden, eventueel met behulp van stok, rollator of rolstoel?	GFI1B/COVID54B	1A 1B COVQ	65+
Are you able to carry out the following tasks single-handedly and without any help? (The use of help resources, such as a walking stick, walking frame, or wheelchair, is considered to be independent.) Walking around outside (around the house or to the neighbors).	Kunt u zonder enige hulp van iemand anders zich buitenshuis verplaatsen (rondom huis, naar buren), eventueel met behulp van stok, rollator of rolstoel?	GFI1C/COVID54C	1A 1B COVQ	65+
Are you able to carry out the following tasks single-handedly and without any help? (The use of help resources, such as a walking stick, walking frame, or wheelchair, is considered to be independent.) Going to the toilet.	Kunt u zonder enige hulp van iemand anders naar het toilet gaan, eventueel met behulp van stok, rollator of rolstoel?	GFI1D/COVID54D	1A 1B COVQ	65+
What mark do you give yourself for physical fitness? (scale 0 to 10)	Welk rapportcijfer geeft u zichzelf voor hoe fit u zich voelt (van 0 tot 10)	GFI2/COVID55	1B COVQ	65+
Do you experience problems in daily life because of poor vision?	Heeft u problemen in het dagelijks leven door slecht zien?	GFI3/COVID56	1B COVQ	65+
Do you experience problems in daily life because of being hard of hearing?	Heeft u problemen in het dagelijks leven door slecht horen?	GFI4/COVID57	1B COVQ	65+
Have you recently lost a lot of weight unwillingly? (6 kg in 6 months or 3 kg in one month)	Bent u in de afgelopen periode veel afgevallen zonder dit te willen (6 kg in 6 maanden of 3 kg in één maand)	GFI5/COVID58	1B COVQ	65+
Do you take 4 or more different types of medicine?	Gebruikt u momenteel 4 of meer verschillende soorten medicijnen?	GFI6	1B	65+
Do you have any complaints about your memory?	Hebt u klachten over uw geheugen?	GFI7/COVID59	1A 1B COVQ	65+
Do you ever experience emptiness around you?	Ervaart u wel eens een leegte om u heen?	GFI8	1B	65+
Do you ever miss people around you?	Mist u wel eens mensen om u heen?	GFI9	1B	65+
Do you ever feel let down?	Voelt u zich wel eens in de steek gelaten?	GFI10	1B	65+
Have you felt gloomy or depressed recently?	Heeft u zich de laatste tijd somber of neerslachtig gevoeld?	GFI11	1B	65+
Have you felt nervous or afraid recently?	Heeft u zich de laatste tijd nerveus of angstig gevoeld?	GFI12	1B	65+

¹⁾

Peters, L.L. et al. (2015). Construct validity of the Groningen Frailty Indicator established in a large sample of home-dwelling elderly persons: Evidence of stability across age and gender. Exp. Gerontol. 69, 129–141

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