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Covid-19 questionnaires (COVQ)
The Lifelines Covid-19 (COVQ) project consists of a series of additional questionnaires to be filled in by adult Lifelines participants during the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020.
The project is a collaboration between Lifelines, theUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, the University of Groningen and the Aletta Jacobs School of Public Health.
The aim of the project is to assess the possible multifactorial causes of developing serious symptoms in response to an infection with Covid-19, as well as the impact of the pandemic and the associated quarantine on physical and mental health and socio-economic status in the general population.
Protocol
Digital questionnaires were sent out weekly (later: bi-weekly and monthly) to all adult Lifelines participants with a known e-mail address.
COVQ1 and COVQ2 contain “baseline” questions to obtain important current basic characteristics of all respondents.
All follow-up questionnaires (COVQ3 to COVQ12) contain a basic set of questions, complemented with a set of variable additional questions.
COVQ10 was a longer ‘special’ questionnaire. Only some of the basic questions were added. New topics were added about corona adjustments policies, work, holidays and resilience.
Reference paper
- Mc Intyre K et al. (2021) Lifelines COVID-19 cohort: investigating COVID-19 infection and its health and societal impacts in a Dutch population-based cohort. BMJ Open. 2021 Mar 17;11(3):e044474.
Timeline & Response
In April 2020, Lifelines started to send out the first questionnaires to ~130,000 adult Lifelines participants. Follow-up questionnaires were send out on a weekly (and later bi-weekly and monthly) basis.
- From questionnaire 8 ~110,000 participants were invited
- From questionnaire 18 ~65,500 participants were invited (selection: at least 2 previous COVQ questionnaires filled in)
| COVQ | Date | Response | Response rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30-03 to 23-04-2020 | ~53,000 | 41% |
| 2 | 02-04 to 06-05-2020 | ~51,000 | 39% |
| 3 | 12-04 to 06-05-2020 | ~50,000 | 38% |
| 4 | 16-04 to 13-05-2020 | ~47,000 | 36% |
| 5 | 19-04 to 20-05-2020 | ~45,000 | 35% |
| 6 | 28-04 to 27-05-2020 | ~43,000 | 33% |
| 7 | 15-05 to 29-05-2020 | ~45,000 | 34% |
| 8* | 23-05 to 24-06-2020 | ~38,000 | 34% |
| 9 | 11-06 to 29-06-2020 | ~37,000 | 33% |
| 10 | 07-07 to 29-07-2020 | ~33,000 | 30% |
| 11 | 10-07 to 05-08-2020 | ~35,000 | 32% |
| 12 | 24-07 to 02-09-2020 | ~36,000 | 32% |
| 13 | 08-09 to 30-09-2020 | ~35,000 | 32% |
| 14 | 13-10 to 04-11-2020 | ~34,000 | 31% |
| 15 | 02-11 to 26-11-2020 | ~34,000 | 31% |
| 15b | 15-11 to 10-12-2020 | ~33,000 | 30% |
| 16 | 02-12 to 21-12-2020 | ~31,000 | 28% |
| 16b | 08-12 to 05-01-2021 | ~32,000 | 29% |
| 17 | 05-01 to 08-02-2021 | ~34,000 | 31% |
| 18* | 25-02 to 25-03-2021 | ~32,000 | 49% |
| 19 | 29-03 to 22-04-2021 | ~29,000 | 45% |
| 20 | 26-04 to 20-05-2021 | ~29,000 | 44% |
| 21 | 25-05 to 18-06-2021 | ~29,000 | 45% |
| 22 | 04-07 to 30-07-2021 | ~24,000 | 36% |
| 23 | 11-10 to 04-11-2021 | ~23,000 | 37% |
| 24* | 20-12-21 to 12-01-2022 | ~25,000 | 48% |
| 25 | 28-02 to 24-03-2022 | ~20,000 | 38% |
| 26 | 11-04 to 04-05-2022 | ~20,000 | 40% |
| 27 | 31-05 to 27-06-2022 | ~19,000 | 36% |
| 28 | 11-07 to 03-08-2022 | ~18,000 | 36% |
| 29 | 29-09 to 19-10-2022 | ~21,000 | 42% |
| Number of participants | First 19 questionnaires completed? |
|---|---|
| ~77,000 | 1 of 19 |
| ~66,000 | 2 of 19 |
| ~60,000 | 3 of 19 |
| ~55,000 | 4 of 19 |
| ~51,000 | 5 of 19 |
| ~48,000 | 6 of 19 |
| ~45,000 | 7 of 19 |
| ~42,000 | 8 of 19 |
| ~40,000 | 9 of 19 |
| ~37,500 | 10 of 19 |
| ~35,500 | 11 of 19 |
| ~33,000 | 12 of 19 |
| ~31,000 | 13 of 19 |
| ~28,500 | 14 of 19 |
| ~26,500 | 15 of 19 |
| ~24,000 | 16 of 19 |
| ~21,000 | 17 of 19 |
| ~17,000 | 18 of 19 |
| ~11,000 | 19 of 19 |
Variables
COVQ assessed variables in the following corona-specific subsections:
-
- Work & income (Covid-19) (incl. work situation and job loss of participants and family members)
-
- Covid-19 infection (infection with Covid-19 itself)
- Chronic diseases (Covid-19) (participant's history of chronic diseases)
- Symptoms (Covid-19) (all types of symptoms suffered during the Corona crisis)
-
- Lifestyle (Covid-19) (incl. diet, activity, smoking, alcohol use, and compliance with Covid-measures)
- Quarantine (Covid-19) (compliance with quarantine/self-isolation guidelines)
-
- Medication (Covid-19) (extensive questionnaire on medication use during the corona crisis)
- Vaccination (Covid-19) (questions about vaccination with the covid-19 vaccins)
-
- Mental health (Covid-19) (items derived from the MINI) + memory
- Social functioning (Covid-19) (incl. social isolation, connection, feelings about society)
-
- Wellbeing (Covid-19) (quality of life during the corona crisis)
In addition, various variables were collected in general subsections:
- Demographics: Personal data (1 item on response date)
- Demographics: Family composition (1 item on pregnancy)
- Demographics: Household composition (children living at home)
- Demographics: Education (home-schooling)
- Diseases & symptoms: Infectious diseases (participant's history of infectious diseases)
- Medical treatment: Treatment (general) (postponement of medical treatments due to the corona crisis)
- Physical state: Anthropometry (Self-reported) (body weight)