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childhood_trauma_ctq

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Childhood Trauma (CTQ)

Adult Lifelines participants underwent the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) short-form, a self-report instrument covering 28 items, to rate the severity of traumas experienced in their childhood (section: mental health).

Background

The physical health consequences of psychosocial adversities may be as substantial as the mental health consequences. A multinational study in 10 countries showed that childhood psychosocial adversities and early-onset mental disorders have independent, broad-spectrum effects that increase the risk of diverse chronic physical conditions in later life, including heart disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, chronic spinal pain, and chronic headache 1).
Another multinational study showed a higher effect on myocardial infarction for psychosocial stress (OR 2.67) than for hypertension (OR 1.91), diabetes (OR 2.37) or an unhealthy lifestyle 2).
Traumatic childhood events (TCEs) also constitute a key environmental exposure that should be studied in gene-environment interaction studies. It was recently shown that a variant in the MTHFR gene confers a higher risk for recurrence of depression in combination with exposure to TCEs 3).

Scoring

The CTQ includes 5 domains with 5 questions each:

  • emotional abuse (DCTQ 3, 8, 14, 18, 25)
  • emotional neglect (DCTQ 5, 7, 13, 19, 28)
  • physical abuse (DCTQ 9, 11, 12, 15, 17)
  • physical neglect (DCTQ 1, 2, 4, 6, 26)
  • sexual abuse (DCTQ 20, 21, 23, 24, 27)

Additionally there are 3 questions on a minimization/denial scale (DCTQ 10, 16, 22).
Particiants are asked in how far the statements applies to their childhood on a 5-point Likert scale with the following options: 1 Never true, 2 Rarely true, 3 Sometimes true, 4 Often true, 5 Very often true.

The CTQ has been validated in terms of psychometric test properties in various populations 4)5)6).

Variables

Questions English Questions Dutch Code Variable Assessment Age
When I was growing up I didn't have enough to eat. Tijdens mijn jeugd had ik niet voldoende te eten. ctq_physicalneglect_adu_q_01 DCTQ1 2B 18+
When I was growing up I knew that there was someone to take care of me and protect me Tijdens mijn jeugd wist ik dat er iemand was om voor me te zorgen en me te beschermen. ctq_physicalneglect_adu_q_02 DCTQ2 2B 18+
When I was growing up people in my family called me things like “stupid”, “lazy” or “ugly” Tijdens mijn jeugd noemden mensen in mijn gezin mij dingen als ’dom’, ‘lui’ of ’lelijk’. ctq_emotionalabuse_adu_q_03 DCTQ3 2B 18+
When I was growing up my parents were too drunk or high to take care of the family Tijdens mijn jeugd waren mijn ouders te dronken of stoned (onder invloed van drugs) om voor het gezin te zorgen. ctq_physicalneglect_adu_q_04 DCTQ4 2B 18+
When I was growing up there was someone in my family who helped me feel that I was important or special Tijdens mijn jeugd was er iemand in mijn gezin die mij het gevoel gaf dat ik belangrijk en bijzonder was. ctq_emotionalneglect_adu_q_05 DCTQ5 2B 18+
When I was growing up I had to wear dirty clothes Tijdens mijn jeugd moest ik vieze kleren dragen. ctq_physicalneglect_adu_q_06 DCTQ6 2B 18+
When I was growing up I felt loved Tijdens mijn jeugd had ik het gevoel dat er van me gehouden werd. ctq_emotionalneglect_adu_q_07 DCTQ7 2B 18+
When I was growing up I thought that my parents wished I had never been born Tijdens mijn jeugd had ik het gevoel dat mijn ouders wensten dat ik nooit geboren was. ctq_emotionalabuse_adu_q_08 DCTQ8 2B 18+
When I was growing up I got hit so hard by someone in my family that I had to see a doctor or go to the hospital Tijdens mijn jeugd ben ik door iemand uit mijn gezin zo hard geslagen dat ik naar een dokter of naar het ziekenhuis moest gaan. ctq_physicalabuse_adu_q_09 DCTQ9 2B 18+
When I was growing up there was nothing I wanted to change about my family. Tijdens mijn jeugd was er niets dat ik wilde veranderen aan mijn gezin. ctq_noabuse_adu_q_10 DCTQ10 2B 18+
When I was growing up people in my family hit me so hard that it left me with bruises or marks. Tijdens mijn jeugd ben ik zo hard geslagen door mensen in mijn gezin dat ik er blauwe plekken of littekens aan overhield. ctq_physicalabuse_adu_q_11 DCTQ11 2B 18+
When I was growing up I was punished with a belt, a board, a cord, or some other hard object. Tijdens mijn jeugd ben ik gestraft met een riem, een plank, een touw of een ander hard voorwerp. ctq_physicalabuse_adu_q_12 DCTQ12 2B 18+
When I was growing up people in my family looked out for each other. Tijdens mijn jeugd kwamen mijn gezinsleden voor elkaar op. ctq_emotionalneglect_adu_q_13 DCTQ13 2B 18+
When I was growing up people in my family said hurtful or insulting things to me. Tijdens mijn jeugd zeiden mensen in mijn gezin kwetsende of beledigende dingen tegen me. ctq_emotionalabuse_adu_q_14 DCTQ14 2B 18+
When I was growing up I believe that I was physically abused. Tijdens mijn jeugd geloof ik lichamelijk mishandeld te zijn geweest. ctq_physicalabuse_adu_q_15 DCTQ15 2B 18+
When I was growing up I had the perfect childhood. Tijdens mijn jeugd had ik de perfecte jeugd. ctq_noabuse_adu_q_16 DCTQ16 2B 18+
When I was growing up I got hit or beaten so badly that it was noticed by someone like a teacher, neighbor, or doctor. Tijdens mijn jeugd ben ik zo hard geslagen dat het opgemerkt werd door iemand zoals een leraar, een van de buren, of een dokter. ctq_physicalabuse_adu_q_17 DCTQ17 2B 18+
When I was growing up I felt that someone in my family hated me. Tijdens mijn jeugd had ik het gevoel dat iemand in mijn gezin me haatte. ctq_emotionalabuse_adu_q_18 DCTQ18 2B 18+
When I was growing up people in my family felt close to each other. Tijdens mijn jeugd voelden de leden van mijn gezin zich met elkaar verbonden. ctq_emotionalneglect_adu_q_19 DCTQ19 2B 18+
When I was growing up someone tried to touch me in a sexual way, or tried to make me touch them. Tijdens mijn jeugd probeerde iemand mij op een seksuele manier te betasten, of mij ertoe te brengen hem of haar te betasten. ctq_sexualabuse_adu_q_20 DCTQ20 2B 18+
When I was growing up someone threatened to hurt me or tell lies about me unless I did something sexual with them. Tijdens mijn jeugd dreigde iemand me pijn te doen of leugens over me te vertellen als ik niet iets seksueels met hem of haar deed. ctq_sexualabuse_adu_q_21 DCTQ21 2B 18+
When I was growing up I had the best family in the world. Tijdens mijn jeugd groeide ik op in het best denkbare gezin. ctq_noabuse_adu_q_22 DCTQ22 2B 18+
When I was growing up someone tried to make me do sexual things or watch sexual things. Tijdens mijn jeugd wilde iemand mij seksuele dingen laten doen of mij naar seksuele dingen laten kijken. ctq_sexualabuse_adu_q_23 DCTQ23 2B 18+
When I was growing up someone molested me. Tijdens mijn jeugd ben ik door iemand gemolesteerd. ctq_sexualabuse_adu_q_24 DCTQ24 2B 18+
When I was growing up I believe that I was emotionally abused. Tijdens mijn jeugd geloof ik emotioneel mishandeld te zijn geweest. ctq_emotionalabuse_adu_q_25 DCTQ25 2B 18+
When I was growing up there was someone to take me to the doctor if I needed it. Tijdens mijn jeugd was er iemand die me naar de dokter bracht als dat nodig was. ctq_physicalneglect_adu_q_26 DCTQ26 2B 18+
When I was growing up I believe that I was sexually abused. Tijdens mijn jeugd geloof ik seksueel misbruikt te zijn geweest. ctq_sexualabuse_adu_q_27 DCTQ27 2B 18+
When I was growing up my family was a source of strength and support. Tijdens mijn jeugd was mijn gezin een bron van kracht en ondersteuning. ctq_emotionalneglect_adu_q_28 DCTQ28 2B 18+
1)
Scott KM et al. (2011). Association of childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders with adult-onset chronic physical conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68(8):838-44
2)
Yusuf S et al. (2004) Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. INTERHEART Study Investigators. Lancet 364(9438):937-52
3)
Lok A et al. (2013). Interaction between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and traumatic childhood events predicts depression. Transl Psychiatry. 30;3:e288
4)
Bernstein DP, Fink L, Handelsman L, Lovejoy M, Wenzel K, Sapareto E, Gurriero J. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1132-1136
5)
Roy CA, Perry JC (2004). Instruments for the assessment of childhood trauma in adults. J Nerv Ment Dis. 192(5):343-51
6)
Thombs BD et al. (2009). A validation study of the Dutch Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form: factor structure, reliability, and known-groups validity. Child Abuse Negl 33(8):518-23
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childhood_trauma_ctq.txt · Last modified: 2024/01/12 09:38 by trynke

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