Table of Contents

Nicotine dependence (FTND)

Lifetime nicotine dependence, i.e. the intensity of physical addiction to nicotine in the period of heaviest smoking, was assessed in adult Lifelines participants using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (section: mental health).
Note that Lifelines also assessed participants' smoking & tobacco use in general.

Background

The Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire was developed by Karl-Olov Fagerström. This instrument was modified to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence by Todd Heatherton, et al. in 19911). The FTND is copyrighted by Taylor and Francis Ltd., but may be reproduced without permission, as available from the source reference.
The FTND was designed to provide an ordinal measure of nicotine dependence related to cigarette smoking. In the clinic, the Fagerström test may be used by the physician to document indications for prescribing medication for nicotine withdrawal.

Scoring

The FTND contains six items that evaluate the quantity of cigarette consumption, the compulsion to use, and dependence (items FTND03-08). Items were scored from 0 to 1 (yes/no items) or from 0 to 3 (multiple-choice items). The scores are summed to yield a total score of 0-10. The higher the total Fagerström score, the more intense is the patient's physical dependence on nicotine.

Questions English Questions Dutch Code Variable Assessment Age
Which substance did you use during your period of heaviest smoking? Wat rookte u tijdens de periode dat u het meeste rookte? ftnd_lifetime_adu_q_01 FTND1 3A 18+
How many cigarettes did you smoke in your lifetime? Hoeveel sigaretten hebt u gedurende uw hele leven gerookt? ftnd_lifetime_adu_q_01_a FTND1A 3A 18+
How often did you smoke e-cigarettes in your lifetime? Hoe vaak hebt u gedurende uw hele leven elektronische sigaretten gerookt? ftnd_lifetime_adu_q_01_b FTND1B 3A 18+
How many cigars did you smoke in your lifetime? Hoeveel sigaren hebt u gedurende uw hele leven gerookt? ftnd_lifetime_adu_q_01_c FTND1C 3A 18+
How many cigarillo’s did you smoke in your lifetime? Hoeveel cigarillo's hebt u gedurende uw hele leven gerookt? ftnd_lifetime_adu_q_01_d FTND1D 3A 18+
How many times did you smoke pipe tabacco in your lifetime? Hoe vaak hebt u gedurende uw hele leven pijp gerookt? ftnd_lifetime_adu_q_01_e FTND1E 3A 18+
How old were you when you smoked a whole cigarette for the first time? Hoe oud was u toen u voor het eerst een hele sigaret, sigaar, cigarillo of pijp rookte? ftnd_startage_adu_q_02 FTND2 3A 18+
How many cigarettes did you usually smoke per day? (There are 20 cigarettes in a pack) / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Hoeveel sigaretten/shagjes rookte u gewoonlijk per dag? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_peak_adu_q_03_a FTND3A 3A 18+
How many e-cigarettes did you usually smoke per day? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Hoe vaak rookte u gewoonlijk een elektronische sigaret per dag? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_peak_adu_q_03_b FTND3B 3A 18+
How many cigars did you usually smoke per day? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Hoeveel sigaren rookte u gewoonlijk per dag? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_peak_adu_q_03_c FTND3C 3A 18+
How many cigarillos did you usually smoke per day? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Hoeveel cigarillo's rookte u gewoonlijk per dag? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_peak_adu_q_03_d FTND3D 3A 18+
How many times did you usually smoke pipe per day? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Hoeveel pijp rookte u gewoonlijk per dag? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_peak_adu_q_03_e FTND3E 3A 18+
how soon after you woke up did you smoke your first cigarette? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Hoe lang na het ontwaken rookte u de eerste sigaret, elektronische sigaret, sigaar, cigarillo of pijp? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_wakeup_adu_q_04 FTND4 3A 18+
Did you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where it was forbidden? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Vond u het moeilijk om niet te roken op plekken waar dit niet mocht? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_locations_adu_q_05 FTND5 3A 18+
Which smoking moment would you have hated most to give up? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Welk rookmoment zou u het minst graag hebben opgegeven? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_moments_adu_q_06 FTND6 3A 18+
Did you smoke more frequently during the first hours after awakening than during the rest of the day? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Rookte u de eerste uren na het opstaan meer dan gedurende de rest van de dag? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_mornings_adu_q_07 FTND7 3A 18+
Did you smoke even if you were so ill that you were in bed most of the day? / Answer the following questions for the period in which our smoking was at its heaviest Rookte u ook door als u zo ziek was dat u het grootste deel van de dag in bed lag? / Beantwoord de volgende vragen over het moment dat u het meest rookte in uw leven ftnd_illness_adu_q_08 FTND8 3A 18+
1)
Heatherton, T.F. et al. (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 86:1119-27