Lifelines Wiki

1a_behavior_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A Behavior Questionnaire (8-17y) Parents of young participants participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) received four questionnaires: * 1A General Questionnaire * 1A Birth Questionnaire * 1A Behavior Questionnaire * 1A Food Questionnaire Young participants did not receive any follow-up questionnaires between assessment

1a_birth_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A Birth Questionnaire (<18y) Parents of young participants participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) received four questionnaires: * 1A General Questionnaire * 1A Birth Questionnaire * 1A Behavior Questionnaire * 1A Food Questionnaire Young participants did not receive any follow-up questionnaires between assessment

1a_food_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A Food Questionnaire (8-17y) Parents of young participants participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) received four questionnaires: * 1A General Questionnaire * 1A Birth Questionnaire * 1A Behavior Questionnaire * 1A Food Questionnaire The 1A Food Questionnaire was handed out to the parents during the child's 1A Visit 1 and contained the following

1a_general_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A General Questionnaire (4-17y) Parents of young participants participating in general assessment 1A received 1A General Questionnaire during their child's 1A Visit 1. Parents of n = ~12,000 children filled it in at home and sent or brought it back to Lifelines. The questionnaire contained the following

1a_questionnaire_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A Questionnaire 1 Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) received two questionnaires on paper, 1A Questionnaire 1 and 1A Questionnaire 2. 1A Q1 was followed by 1A Visit 1 after, on average, 21 days (SD: ± 33 days). 1A Q1 was followed by

1a_questionnaire_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A Questionnaire 2 Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) received two questionnaires, 1A Questionnaire 1 and 1A Questionnaire 2. The average time between 1A Questionnaire 1 and 1A Q2 was 53 days (SD: ± 61 days). 1A Q2 was followed by

1a_visit_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Visit 1 of General Assessment 1A (Baseline) All Lifelines participants of 8 years and older participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) visited a location of their choice. A trained physician's assistant performed the described measurements, according to the Standard Operating Procedure below.

1a_visit_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Visit 2 of General Assessment 1A (Baseline) All Lifelines participants of 8 years and older participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) visited a location of their choice. A trained physician's assistant performed the venapuncture, according to the Standard Operating Procedure below.

1a_youth_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A Youth Questionnaire (13-17y) Young participants (13-17y) participating in baseline assessment 1A filled in a digital questionnaire at the location of 1A Visit 1 (n = ~3,900). The 1A Youth Questionnaire is procedurally equivalent to the 2A Youth Questionnaire. Note that for most participants of 13-17 years old, their parents also filled in the

1a

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Assessment 1A Assessment 1A or “Baseline Assessment” is the first general assessment of Lifelines. Assessment 1A was performed between 2007 and 2013, with the majority of participants being assessed between 2010 and 2013. Assessment 1A was followed by follow-up questionnaires 1B (after, on average, 17 months) and

1b

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Follow-up Questionnaire 1B Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) received two follow-up questionnaires, 1B and 1C. 1B was sent out on average 12 months (median: 15 months) after 1A Questionnaire 2. 1B was followed by 1C after on average 11 months (median: 12 months).

1c

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Follow-up Questionnaire 1C Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 1A (“Baseline”) received two follow-up questionnaires, 1B and 1C. 1C was sent out on average 28 months (SD ± 10 months) after 1A Questionnaire 2. 1C was sent out on average 12 months (SD ± 3 months) after

2a_child_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

2A Child Questionnaire (4-12y) Parents of young Lifelines participants (4-12 years old) participating in general assessment 2A filled in a questionnaire for their children (n = ~6,200). Lifelines participants between 13-17 years old (n = ~2,600) filled in their own 2A Youth Questionnaire. The 2A Child Questionnaire was followed by

2a_questionnaire_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

2A Questionnaire 1 Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the second general assessment 2A received two questionnaires, 2A Questionnaire 1 and 2A Questionnaire 2. 2A Q1 was followed by 2A Visit 1 after, on average, 34 days (SD: ± 43 days). 2A Q1 was also followed by 2A Questionnaire 2 after, on average, 54 days (SD: ± 49 days).

2a_questionnaire_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

2A Questionnaire 2 Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the second general assessment 2A received two questionnaires, 2A Questionnaire 1 and 2A Questionnaire 2. 2A Q2 was followed by 2A Visit 2 after, on average, 17 days (SD: ± 36 days). 2A Q2 was followed by assessment 2B after, on average, 20 months (SD: ± 4 months).

2a_visit_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Visit 1 of General Assessment 2A All Lifelines participants of 8 years and older participating in general assessment 2A visited a location of their choice. A trained physician's assistant performed the described measurements, according to the Standard Operating Procedure below. * NB: In case of temporary counter indications or technical/logistic problems, tests could be rescheduled for

2a_visit_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Visit 2 of General Assessment 2A Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 2A visited a location of their choice for a second time. At the location, they underwent the following procedures: * Collection of scalp hair * Fasting venapuncture to collect

2a_youth_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

2A Youth Questionnaire Young Lifelines participants (13-17 years old) participating in general assessment 2A filled in a digital questionnaire about themselves (n = ~2,600). The 2A Youth Questionnaire was followed by 2A Visit 1, on average within xx days (+/- yy days). The 2A Youth Questionnaire is procedurally equivalent to the

2a

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Assessment 2A Assessment 2A or “Second Assessment” is the second general assessment of Lifelines. Assessment 2A was performed between 2014 and 2017. Assessment 2A was preceded by general assessment 1A, and is followed by follow-up questionnaire 2B and general assessment

2b

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Follow-up Questionnaire 2B Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the second general assessment 2A received one follow-up questionnaire, 2B. Questionnaire 2B was sent out from 2015 until the end of 2019. * 21,000 participants filled it out on paper * 43,000 participants filled out a digital version

3a_child_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

3A Child Questionnaire * This PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION *

3a_questionnaire_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

3A Questionnaire 1 Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the third general assessment 3A receive three questionnaires, 3A Questionnaire 1, 3A Questionnaire 2, and 3A Questionnaire 3. 3A Q1 is followed by 3A Visit 1, within xx days (according to protocol). 3A Q1 is also followed by 3A Questionnaire 2, within xx weeks (according to protocol).

3a_questionnaire_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

3A Questionnaire 2 Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the third general assessment 3A receive three questionnaires, 3A Questionnaire 1, 3A Questionnaire 2, and 3A Questionnaire 3. 3A Q2 is followed by 3A Visit 2, within xx days (according to protocol). 3A Q2 is PRECEDED by 3A Questionnaire 1, within xx weeks (according to protocol).

3a_questionnaire_3

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

3A Questionnaire 3 Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the third general assessment 3A receive three questionnaires, 3A Questionnaire 1, 3A Questionnaire 2 and 3A Questionnaire 3. 3A Q3 is preceded by 3A Visit 2, within xx weeks (according to protocol). The vast majority of participants will receive in a digital version of the questionnaire.

3a_visit_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Visit 1 of General Assessment 3A All Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 3A (“Third Assessment”) will visit a location of their choice. At the location, they will undergo the following measurements: * Anthropometric measures (8+ years old) * Blood pressure (8+ years old) * 12-lead electrocardiogram (13+ years old)

3a_visit_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Visit 2 of General Assessment 3A Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 3A visit a location of their choice for a second time. At the location, they undergo the following procedures: * Fasting venapuncture to collect blood samples for blood analyses and storage (8+ years old).

3a_youth_questionnaire

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

3A Youth Questionnaire * This PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION *

3a

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Assessment 3A Assessment 3A or “Third Assessment” is the third general assessment of Lifelines. Assessment 3A will be performed between 2019 and 2023. Assessment 3A was preceded by general assessment 1A and general assessment 2A. NB: during the 2020-21 Covid pandemic, 3OR visits were temporarily halted due to government-issued lockdowns.

3b

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Follow-up Questionnaire 3B Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the third general assessment 3A received one follow-up questionnaire, 3B. Questionnaire 3B is being sent out since 2021. 3B contains items from the following sections and subsections: Demographics

4a_questionnaire_activity

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T11:54:18+00:00

4A Questionnaire Activity The 4A Questionnaire Activity is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Lifestyle & environment * Physical activity (SQUASH)

4a_questionnaire_elderly

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T13:33:45+00:00

4A Questionnaire Elderly The 4A Questionnaire Elderly is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Elderly * Frailty (GFI) * Self-assessment (Intermed)

4a_questionnaire_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:17:11+00:00

4A Questionnaire General The 4A Questionnaire General is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Demographics * Education * Employment status * Family composition * Household composition * Income * Profession Lifestyle & environment * Earthquakes & Gas extraction * Home environment (general) * Informal care * Volunteer work (general) Physical State * Anthropometry (self-reported) Reproduction & development

4a_questionnaire_health_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T11:59:38+00:00

4A Questionnaire Health 1 The 4A Questionnaire Health 1 is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Diseases & symptoms * Cancer * Cardiovascular diseases * Diabetes * Digestive system diseases * Diseases (other) * Fatigue (general) * Kidney/bladder diseases * Mental illnesses * Musculoskeletal conditions * Neurological disorders * Respiratory diseases * Skin conditions Wellbeing & subjective health *

4a_questionnaire_health_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T13:20:32+00:00

4A Questionnaire Health 2 The 4A Questionnaire Health 2 is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Diseases & symptoms * DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ-2) * Ear conditions * Eye conditions (OQ) Mental Health * Loneliness (LS) * Social functioning (general) * Stress (LDI) * Stress (LTE) Wellbeing & subjective health * Social functioning (SPF-IL)

4a_questionnaire_health_3

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T13:23:26+00:00

4A Questionnaire Health 3 The 4A Questionnaire Health 3 is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Diseases & symptoms * Functional Bowel Symptoms (Rome III) * Musculoskeletal pain (WPI) * Musculoskeletal symptoms * Symptoms (SCL-90)

4a_questionnaire_medication

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T13:24:58+00:00

4A Questionnaire Medication The 4A Questionnaire Medication is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Medical treatment * Medication

4a_questionnaire_sleep

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T13:31:44+00:00

4A Questionnaire Sleep The 4A Questionnaire Sleep is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Diseases & Symptoms * Fatigue (CDC) * Fatigue (general) Lifestyle & Environment * Chronotype (MCTQ) * Sleep quality (PSQI) * Sleepiness (ESS)

4a_questionnaire_substance_use

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T13:26:56+00:00

4A Questionnaire Substance use The 4A Questionnaire Substance use is one of ten short 4A Questionnaires, and contains the following sections and subsections: Lifestyle & environment * Smoking & tobacco use * Drug use Nutrition * Eating behavior

4a_questionnaires

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T11:50:10+00:00

4A Questionnaires Adult and elderly Lifelines participants participating in the fourth general assessment 4A receive 9 (age 18-64) or 10 (age 65+) short digital questionnaires (± 10 min. each). Questionnaires are sent out in a random order. The first questionnaire is sent 1 week prior to

4a_visit_1

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T09:44:35+00:00

Visit 1 of General Assessment 4A All Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 4A (“Fourth Assessment”) will visit a location of their choice. At the location, they will undergo the following measurements: * Anthropometric measures (8+ years old) * Anthropometry self-measurement (16+ years old) * Blood pressure (8+ years old)

4a_visit_2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T10:09:50+00:00

Visit 2 of General Assessment 4A Lifelines participants participating in general assessment 4A visit a location of their choice for a second time. At the location, they undergo the following procedures: * Fasting venapuncture to collect blood samples for blood analyses and storage (8+ years old).

4a

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T10:17:36+00:00

Assessment 4A Assessment 4A or “Fourth Assessment” is the fourth general assessment of Lifelines. Assessment 4A will be performed between 2024 and 2028. Assessment 4A was preceded by general assessments 1A, 2A, and 3A. For all participants, assessment 4A consists of the following elements:

24-h_urine_samples_edta_ascorbic_acid_suspension

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Addition of small amounts-( 50ų) of EDTA to acidified solutions of ascorbic acid, completely protects the vitamin against copper-catalysed aerobic oxidation. Dissolve Ascorbinezuur and EDTA with deionized water in a 500-mL volumetric flask and dilute to volume. The solution is stable for 3-4 weeks at 4°C. 1,3% g/v (=1,3g EDTA /100ml MiliQ and 1,3g Asc. Acid/100ml MiliQ)

24-h_urine_samples_storage

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

The urine aliquots are stored at -80°C in the HAMILTON BIOS Lifestore Eemspoort Groningen

acne

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Acne Lifelines participants were asked the following questions regarding acne (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note that more detailed questions about acne were asked to a small subcohort in an additional questionnaire, ACNQ. Additionally, a couple of acne questions were asked in additional questionnaire SKIQ. Variables General variables Label English

acnq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Acne (ACNQ) Acne is the name of an additional questionnaire that was sent out in April 2014. Subcohort A total of 750 participants were invited, 250 who reported to have severe acne at baseline (in 2013) and 500 controls. The response rate was 23% (44% with, and 14% without acne).

acquired_brain_injury

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:46:57+00:00

Acquired Brain Injury Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from various kinds of acquired brain injuries (section: Diseases & symptoms). Variables General variables Questions English

actq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Activities and Volunteer Work (ACTQ) The Daily Activities and Leisure Activities Add-on Study (DALAS) is the name of an additional digital questionnaire that was send out to adult and elderly Lifelines participants (60-80 years old) in collaboration with the Department of Epidemiology of the University of Groningen.

additional_assessments

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-18T16:05:53+00:00

Additional Assessments On top of the general assessments, additional assessments may be performed in selected groups of Lifelines participants (e.g. “subcohorts”) in order to collect additional questionnaire data, measurements and/or biomaterials. Additional assessments are performed at the initiative of (and in collaboration with) external research groups, and an embargo period for use of additional data by third parties may apply.

adhd_rating_scale

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

ADHD Rating Scale To assess ADHD characteristics in adult Lifelines participants, the Dutch version of the ADHD DSM-IV rating scale was implemented in an additional assessment (ADHQ). For underage Lifelines participants, the child/adolescent version of the ADHD Rating Scale was used.

adhq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

ADHD (ADHQ) ADHD is the name of an additional questionnaire on prevalence and co-morbidities of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Lifelines participants. Implementation of this questionnaire in Lifelines was initiated by the University Center of Psychiatry of the UMCG, as part of the EU Horizon-2020 CoCa (co-morbid conditions of ADHD) project.

adii

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-25T15:11:46+00:00

Adapted Dietary Inflammatory Index (ADII) Researchers from Wageningen University and Research developed an adapted dietary inflammatory index (ADII) for approximately 69k adult participants in the Lifelines cohort who had a complete Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). (sections: Nutrition and secondary & linked variables). The Adapted Dietary Inflammatory Index can be requested in the

aggression_asr_abcl

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Aggression (ASR/ABCL) Aggressive behavior (anger and hostility) of adult participants were assessed in the context of an additional questionnaire on ADHD (section: mental health). The questions were derived from the ASEBA Adult Self-Report (ASR), a 126-item questionnaire on the emotional skills and difficulties experienced by adults, and its equivalent the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) filled in by close acquaintances (INF-variables)

alcohol_drugs_smoking_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-08T08:15:41+00:00

Alcohol, drugs, smoking (<18) Alcohol use Alcohol use among underage participants was measured via parental report (children, 4-17 years old) and self-report (adolescents, 13-17 years old) (section: Children & Adolescents). Of note, quantitative assessment of alcohol intake was performed in adolescent participants using the

alcohol_use_disorder_dsm-5

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Alcohol use disorder (DSM-5) Lifetime alcoholism (or alcohol use disorder) was assessed in adult Lifelines participants using the 11 diagnostic criteria stated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) (section: mental health). Note that Lifelines also assessed alcohol use in general (i.e. not in the context of alcoholism).

alcohol_use

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Alcohol use Quantitative assessment of alcohol intake was performed in adult participants using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Drinking behavior was assessed using the Eating behavior questionnaire in follow-up questionnaire 2B. Furthermore, lifetime alcoholism was assessed using the DSM-5 criteria. Lifelines also assessed

allergies_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-08T09:30:18+00:00

Allergies (<18) Adolescents and parents of underage participants were asked whether they/their children suffered from various kinds of (food) allergies (section: Children & Adolescents). A food allergy definition has been developed and is available for use. Variables Allergies children Questions English

allergies_asthma_isaac

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Allergies & Asthma (ISAAC) The ISAAC questionnaire is developed for the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (section: Children & adolescents). It consists of 11 items on symptoms of asthma, 9 items on eczema and 8 items on symptoms of allergies. Both child and adolescent participants filled in (parts of) the ISAAC questionnaire.

allergies

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Allergies Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from various kinds of (food) allergies (section: Diseases & symptoms). A food allergy definition has been developed and is available for use. Note that two allergy questions were asked in an additional questionnaire SKIQ. Variables General variables Questions English

anthropometry_self-measurement

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-29T13:17:26+00:00

Anthropometry Self-measurement Anthropometry self-measurements (section: physical state) were performed by participants aged 16 years and older during: * 4A Visit 1 Protocol * Anthropometry self-measurement was the first measurement during visit 1, preceding the blood pressure self-measurement and measurements performed by a research nurse in the examination room.

anthropometry_self-reported

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-25T09:48:41+00:00

Anthropometry (self-reported) Lifelines participants were asked to self-report information about their length and weight (section: physical state). In addition, participants were also measured during 1A Visit 1 and 2A Visit 1. Questions in English

anthropometry

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-22T14:16:35+00:00

Anthropometry Anthropometry (section: physical state) was measured in all Lifelines participants aged 8 years and older during: * 1A Visit 1 (n = ~163.000, including ~11.000 children) * 2A Visit 1 (n = ~119.000, including ~6.000 children) * 3A Visit 1 (n = ~85.000, including ~5.000 children) As of Assessment 4A, anthropometry was only measured in participants who did not or could not complete the

autism_spectrum_aq-10

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10) The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10) is the short form of the full 50-item AQ. It was developed by the Autism Research Center of the University of Cambridge (UK) with the aim to investigate whether adults of average intelligence have symptoms of autism spectrum conditions.

autq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Autistic Traits (AUTQ) The Autistic Traits questionnaire is an additional assessment among adult Lifelines participants. The digital questionnaire was developed at the initiative of the Autism Research Center of Cambridge University (UK), in collaboration with the Sarr (Parnassia group) in Rotterdam (NL). The questionnaire consists of the

baeq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-29T11:32:29+00:00

Body and Emotions(BAEQ) The Body and Emotions study is an additional questionnaire among adult Lifelines participants. The study consists of a questionnaire, followed by a web-based version of the Affective Picture Paradigm task. This additional assessment was initiated by researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen, and aims to study the influence of psychological factors on somatic symptom proneness.

bigq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Big Data (BIGQ) Big Data is the name of an additional questionnaire performed in collaboration with the department of epidemiology at the UMC Groningen and the department of Social Psychology at the University of Groningen, aimed to acquire insights into the differences between participants and refusers of participation in a Dutch population-based biobank (i.e.,

bionic

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

BIONIC (DEPQ/DEAQ) BIONIC is the name of a Dutch consortium that initiated two additional questionnaires on lifetime mood disorders in the Lifelines cohort. The first questionnaire (DEPQ) comprised of the Lifetime Depression Assessment Self-Report (LIDAS). The second questionnaire (DEAQ) was performed in collaboration with the University Center of Psychiatry at the UMCG in Groningen and contained both the LIDAS and several additional questions (e.g. on lifetime anxiety disorders).

biosamples

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Lifelines has collected a wide variety of biosamples from participants in all of our general assessments as well as during some of our additional assessments. The following types of biosamples are stored in our biobank and can be requested for use in your research project: * Blood (plasma) samples were collected from Lifelines participants (ages 8+) as part of the

birth_of_participant

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Birth (of participant) Adult Lifelines participants were asked about their own birth (section: reproduction & development). In addition, parents were asked about the birth of underage participants, see pre- and perinatal period (<18). Note that some additional questions about childbirth were asked in an additional questionnaire on female reproduction,

blood_analyses

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-17T08:50:59+00:00

Blood sample analyses The following variables were assessed in the plasma of fresh blood samples collected from Lifelines participants during 1A Visit 2, 2A Visit 2 and 3A Visit 2 (section: physical state). Assessments were performed at the laboratory center of the University Medical Center Groningen that is certified according to NEN-EN-ISO 9001:2015 and NEN-EN-ISO 15189:2012 standards.

blood_disorders

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Blood disorders Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from the following blood disorders (section: Diseases & symptoms): Questions English Questions Dutch

blood_pressure_self-measurement

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-29T13:17:52+00:00

Blood Pressure Self-measurement Blood pressure self-measurements (section: physical state) were performed by Lifelines participants aged 18 years and older during: * 4A Visit 1 Device The Hingmed DBP-01P automated blood-pressure monitor was used for self-measurements. Contra-indications

blood_pressure

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-19T13:13:25+00:00

Blood Pressure Blood pressure (section: physical state) was measured in all Lifelines participants aged 8 years and older during: * 1A Visit 1 (n = ~163.000, including ~11.000 children) * 2A Visit 1 (n = ~119.000) * 3A Visit 1 Blood pressure was measured with the participant seated. The size of the cuff was chosen according to the arm circumference of the participant. For systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the average of the final three readings was recorded.

blood_samples_storage

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Blood sample storage Lifelines blood samples collected at 1A Visit 2 and 2A visit 2 are stored at the Lifestore Lifelines location in Eemspoort, Groningen, the Netherlands. Whole blood samples are stored at Lifestore Eemspoort Groningen. Sanyo Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers Blood samples are first stored in Sanyo Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers at −80 °C until transport to Hamilton BIOS.

blood_samples

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Blood samples Blood samples are collected in a variety of different blood tubes such as: heparin, EDTA, sodiumfluoride, and gel separation tubes. Blood collected in heparin- and sodiumfluoride tubes are used to perform analyses of clinical and haematological parameters (including LDL/HDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and triglycerides) and are therefore no longer available for release. The results of these

bluq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Blue Light (BLUQ) Blue Light/BLUQ is the name of an additional questionnaire initiated by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). BLUQ assessed the evening use of blue light-emitting devices in children (8-17 years old) using a self-report questionnaire, enabling the investigation of its effects on health (e.g., sleep patterns, concentration at school).

bronchial_hyperresponsiveness_bhq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness (BHQ) The Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness Questionnaire (BHQ) aims to assess bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma (section: diseases & symptoms). It is implemented in the Lifelines cohort to assess bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the general population.

cancer_statistics

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Cancer statistics The following statistics provide the prevalence of certain (self-reported) cancer types at baseline and the incidence (i.e. self-reported newly diagnosed cancers since the previous questionnaire) at three follow-up questionnaires (1B, 1C and 2A). Type

cancer_types

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-02T10:50:27+00:00

Cancer types At 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, and 3A type of cancer (tumor) was reported by participants in an open text field. From 2A onwards a limited number of cancer types (i.e., colon cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, brain tumor, bone cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer) are also directly assessed via yes/no questions. At

cancer

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-04T14:29:09+00:00

Cancer Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about their experiences with cancer (section: Diseases & symptoms). The cancer variables and open text fields have been coded into secondary cancer type variables which are available for use. Note that it is possible to link Lifelines data to PALGA and IKNL cancer registries.

cardiovascular_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:53:36+00:00

Cardiovascular diseases Adult and elderly Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from various cardiovascular diseases (section: Diseases & symptoms). Symptoms indicative of cardiovascular problems were assessed as well. Questions English

cardiovascular_symptoms

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Cardiovascular symptoms Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from the undiagnosed symptoms associated with cardiovascular diseases (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note that dyspnea is listed under respiratory problems (general). Questions English

cfs_diagnostic_score

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) diagnostic score Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen developed the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) diagnostic score for adult participants using the Fatigue (CDC) variables from 2A Questionnaire 2 and 3A Questionnaire 1. (sections: Diseases & symptoms (Fatigue (CDC)) and secondary & linked variables). The CFS diagnostic score can be requested in the Lifelines catalogue.

changed_variable_names

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-10T15:33:07+00:00

Overview changed variable names Occasionally, variable names have been changed in the Lifelines database, for example if the original variable name was deemed confusing, too informal, unexpected, inconsistent, or incorrect. In some cases we stopped releasing a variable and changed its name to include the term _deprecated.

child_behavior_cbcl

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used caregiver report form identifying problem behavior in children (section: Children & adolescents). It is used in both research and clinical practice with youths. It has been translated into more than 90 languages, including Dutch, and normative data are available integrating information from multiple societies.

childbirth_experience_ceq2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T12:18:23+00:00

Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0 (CEQ2) The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire is an instrument that can be used to study women’s experiences of decision-making and aspects of midwifery support during labor and delivery (section: Reproduction & development). The CEQ2 was implemented in a subcohort of young adult female

childcare

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T19:20:47+00:00

Childcare In the context of an additional questionnaire for adult female Lifelines participants about their reproductive health (ROAQ), the following variables were collected about the use of childcare for their children (section: reproduction & development). Note that participants could fill in the same survey on a total of 9 possible pregnancies, for 3 different children per pregnancy, and for 7 different types of childcare.

childhood_trauma_ctq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Childhood Trauma (CTQ) Adult Lifelines participants underwent the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) short-form, a self-report instrument covering 28 items, to rate the severity of traumas experienced in their childhood (section: mental health). Background The physical health consequences of psychosocial adversities may be as substantial as the mental health consequences. A multinational study in 10 countries showed that childhood psychosocial adversities and early-onset mental disorders h…

children_adolescents

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Children & adolescents *THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION* The section Children & Adolescents include all variables collected on participants younger than 18. Since november 2022, this section was added to our data catelogue. Previously, these variables could be found under the other sections.

children_s_diet_ffq-tno

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Children's diet (FFQ-TNO) The diet of Lifelines participants between 8-12 years old was assessed with a children's food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed by TNO (section: nutrition). The diet of adolescents was also assessed using an FFQ that was originally developed for adults. Information regarding the Children's FFQ developed by TNO can be requested from the (

children

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Lifelines Child Cohort Our ~15.000 underage participants (at baseline) are an important part of the Lifelines cohort. Children were recruited via their parents. Depending on their age, children participated in various measurements and questionnaires over time. Children at 1A

chronic_diseases_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Chronic diseases (Covid-19) Adult Lifelines participants were asked whether they currently suffered from any chronic diseases (section: Diseases & symptoms), in the context of additional questionnaire COVQ (no. 1 and 2) Questions English

chronotype_cctq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Chronotype (CCTQ) The Children's Chronotype Questionnaire (CCTQ) (section: Children & Adolescents) was developed based upon the MCTQ Munich ChronoType Questionnaire which is an instrument to assess a person's chronotype. The MCTQ was used in adult Lifelines participants, see Chronotype (MCTQ). Note that the CCTQ was also performed in the context of an additional questionnaire on screen use and sleep quality (

chronotype_csm

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Chronotype (CSM) In an additional questionnaire on ADHD, the chronotype of adults and underage participants was assessed using the Composite Scale of Morningness and the Children's ChronoType Questionnaire (CCTQ), see CCTQ (section: Children & Adolescents). Note that chronotypes in adults were also assessed in Lifelines using the

chronotype_mctq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T14:14:41+00:00

Chronotype (MCTQ) The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire is an instrument to assess a person's chronotype (section: lifestyle & environment). It was also assessed in underage Lifelines participants, see Chronotype (CCTQ). Some sum scores for the MCTQ are available. Information derived from the MCTQ can be used to replace the first three items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Note that an additional questionnaire on

cognitive_decline_iqcode

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Cognitive Decline (IQCODE) Cognition decline (section: mental health) was measured in Lifelines participants in the context of an additional assessment on ADHD using the IQCODE. Acquaintances of ADHQ participants were asked whether they had noticed any changes in the cognitive abilities of those participants.

cognitive_emotion_regulation_questionnaire_cerq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is an instrument that can be used to measure cognitive strategies that characterize an individual's style of responding to stressful events, as well as cognitive strategies that are used in a particular stressful event or situation.

cogstate_speed_composite_csc

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Cogstate Speed Composite (CSC) Researchers from University Rostock, Department of Sociology and Demography, developed the Cogstate Speed Composite (CSC) to reflect all possible Cogstate tasks of the Cogstate Brief Battery, from assessment 2A, in one measurement. Please note, during the third assessment two versions of the Cogstate have been administered making it impossible to copy paste the current results (

cogstate

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-28T09:13:51+00:00

Cogstate The Cogstate is a battery of computerized cognitive tests used in Lifelines to broadly assess cognitive functioning of participants (section: mental health). The test battery was performed in ~92,000 able participants aged 13 years and older during 2A Visit 1, and ~76,000 able participants aged 13 years and older during

cohort

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-24T14:52:28+00:00

General Cohort & Factsheets The general population cohort of Lifelines consists of 167.729 participants, identified with a Lifelines-ID. Recruitment Lifelines participants were initially recruited through general practitioners in the three provinces in the

cold_flu_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Cold & flu (<18) (Parents of) underage Lifelines participants were asked whether they ever had a common cold or flu (section: Children & Adolescents). Furthermore, parents were asked if their infant had a serious cold or flu in the first 6 months after birth. Variables Cold & flu children

connective_tissue_disease_csq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Connective Tissue Disease (CSQ) The Connective Tissue Disease Screening Questionnaire (CSQ) is a highly reproducible, sensitive, and moderately specific instrument for screening subjects with potential Connective Tissue Disease (CTD). Note that musculoskeletal symptoms and diseases were also assessed in general within

contraception

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:38:17+00:00

Contraception Lifelines participants were asked about their use of contraceptives (section: reproduction & development). Questions English

covid-19_infection

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Covid-19 Infection Lifelines assessed the presence and severity of Covid-19 in adult participants in the context of an additional questionnaire: COVQ (section: diseases & symptoms). Questions English

covq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Covid-19 questionnaires (COVQ) The Lifelines Covid-19 (COVQ) project consists of a series of additional questionnaires to be filled in by adult Lifelines participants during the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020. The project is a collaboration between Lifelines, theUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, the University of Groningen and the Aletta Jacobs School of Public Health. The aim of the project is to assess the possible multifactorial causes of developing serious symptoms in response to an infecti…

cryopreserved_whole_blood

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Cryopreserved whole blood Whole blood can be used for DNA isolation, or as a source of viable leukocytes such as: monocytes (macrophage precursors), lymphocytes (both B and T cells), and a small percentage of other immune cells, such as dendritic cells.

dag2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

DAG2 DAG2 is one of Lifelines' additional assessments performed in collaboration with the UMCG department of genetics (see also: DAG1, DAG3, DAG4 and DAG5). DAG is the abbreviation of DArmGezondheid, or “Gastrointestinal health” in Dutch. DAG2 comprised of the collection and analyses of blood, breath, and faecal samples plus gastrointestinal questionnaire data following the same protocol as

dag3

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

DAG3 DAG3 is one of Lifelines' additional assessments performed in collaboration with the UMCG department of genetics (see also: DAG1, DAG2, DAG4 and DAG5). DAG is the abbreviation of DArmGezondheid, or “Gastrointestinal health” in Dutch. Background There is increasing insight into the role of bacterial composition in the intestine and upon the occurrence of (chronic) diseases. Previous research in DAG1 (

dag4

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

DAG4 DAG4 is one of Lifelines' additional assessments performed in collaboration with the UMCG department of genetics (see also: DAG1, DAG2, DAG3 and DAG5). DAG is the abbreviation of DArmGezondheid, or “Gastrointestinal health” in Dutch. Background There is increasing insight into the role of bacterial composition in the intestine and upon the occurrence of (chronic) diseases. Previous research in DAG1 (

dag5

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

DAG5 DAG5 is one of Lifelines' additional assessments (see also: DAG1, DAG2, DAG3 and DAG4). DAG is the abbreviation of DArmGezondheid, or “Gastrointestinal health” in Dutch. Background There is increasing insight into the role of bacterial composition in the intestine and upon the occurrence of (chronic) diseases. Previous research in DAG1 (

dagx

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

DAG 1-2-3 DAG is the name of a series of additional assessments PROTOCOL PERIOD Subcohorts DAG1 or “DEEP” was performed in [...] participants. The selection criteria were the following: Variables The following variables were collected:

data_structure

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Data structure All unique datapoints within the Lifelines dataset have three pieces of basic metadata attached: the WHO, WHAT, and WHEN metadata. WHO Each datapoint is collected for a specific participant. Each participant has certain characteristics, which are provided as

daycare_use_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Daycare Use (<18) Parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked whether their child (i.e., the participant) had been in daycare (section: Children & Adolescents). Variables Daycare use children Label English Label Dutch

dcdq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-29T11:23:10+00:00

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCDQ) DCDQ is an additional questionnaire on developmental coordination disorder in child participants of Lifelines. The DCDQ questionnaire was developed and implemented in Lifelines by the Department of Developmental Neurology at the UMCG. The DCDQ was sent out together with the child version of the ADHD questionnaire. Protocol & response The digital DCDQ questionnaire was sent out, alongside the

deep

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-07T13:47:24+00:00

DEEP/DAG1 Lifelines-DEEP, also known as DAG1, is one of Lifelines' additional assessments performed in collaboration with the UMCG department of genetics (see also: DAG2, DAG3, DAG4 and DAG5). DAG is the abbreviation of DArmGezondheid, or “Gastrointestinal health” in Dutch, a research project in which the microbiome is analysed in faecal samples.

default_variables

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Default variables Some Lifelines variables are provided by default in every issued dataset (see sections). Note that these variables are not visible in the data-catalogue. The following variables are provided by default for each participant in the Global Summary table: Default Variable

demographics

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Demographics Demographic variables describe the basic socio-economic situation of participants. In Lifelines, the demographic section is organized in the following subsections: * Education * Employment status * Family composition * Household composition * Income * Multiple births * Municipal codes * Nationality & ethnicity * Personal data * Profession (-> job codes) * Occupational history * Work & income (Covid-19) * Sex & gender

dentistry

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Dentistry Lifelines participants were asked about any dental treatment they have had (section: medical treatment). Note that Lifelines also assessed the physical state of the teeth of participants, as well as the presence of oral cavity conditions. Questions English

depression_lidas

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Depression & Anxiety (LIDAS) The Lifetime Depression Assessment Self-Report (LIDAS) digital questionnaire is largely based on the WHO's Composite International Diagnostic Interview short form (CIDI-sf) for depression, and is used to identify persons who have or have not been depressed in their lifetime.

diabetes_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Diabetes (<18) Lifelines participants under 18 were asked the following questions regarding diabetes (section: Children & Adolescents). Diabetes was also assessed with fasting glucose levels and Hba1c concentrations in blood samples. Statistics on the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the Lifelines

diabetes_statistics

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Diabetes statistics The following statistics provide the prevalence of (self-reported) diabetes types at baseline and the incidence (i.e. self-reported newly diagnosed diabetes since the previous questionnaire) at follow-up questionnaire 2A, distributed over age groups. Note that

diabetes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T08:27:41+00:00

Diabetes Lifelines participants were asked the following questions regarding diabetes (section: Diseases & symptoms). Diabetes was also assessed with fasting glucose levels and Hba1c concentrations in blood samples. Statistics on the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the Lifelines cohort can be found

diet_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Diet (<18) The general diet of underage Lifelines participants was assessed with various questions (section: Children & adolescents). Note that the detailed food intake of underage participants was assessed using food frequency questionnaires for children (8-12) or for adolescents and adults. Also note that the diet of newborns was assessed using specialized

diet_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

TBD

diet_scores

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Diet Scores Lifelines participants filled in extensive Food Frequency Questionnaires to assess their diet and nutrient intake. The FFQ results in a large quantity of detailed raw data, which require extensive specialized processing and calculations to yield scientifically valid sum scores (

digestion_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Digestion (<18) (Parents of) underage Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from any (undiagnosed) digestive problems (section: Children & adolescents). The digestive system of participants was also assessed using the Rome III questionnaire. Digestion children Questions English

digestive_system_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T08:28:44+00:00

Digestive system diseases Lifelines participants were asked whether they had any diseases of the digestive system (section: Diseases & symptoms). Questions English

diseases_other

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T08:30:37+00:00

Diseases (other) Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from any diseases other than the ones that were specified in the questionnaire(s) (section: Diseases & symptoms). Questions English

diseases_symptoms

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:40:16+00:00

Diseases & symptoms Lifelines includes predominantly health-related variables. A large portion of those variables are aimed to assess whether participants have particular diseases and/or (undiagnosed) symptoms, via self-report questionnaires. Variables that more neutrally assess the (measured and/or self-reported) physical characteristics of participants, independent of specific diseases and symptoms, can be found

divq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Divorce (DIVQ) Divorce/DIVQ is the name of an additional questionnaire initiated by the Department of Sociology of the University of Groningen. DIVQ is also known as the Lifelines Family Ties project, a multi-actor family network study in which relational information was collected among 24 divorced and 19 non-divorced families.

dna_analyses

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

DNA Analysis Lifelines participants were genotyped in the context of two additional assessments: * GWAS (n=15,500 participants) * UGLI (n=36,500 participants) Plans are underway to genotype the remaining participants (“UGLI-2”).

dna_samples

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

DNA samples Lifelines has extracted DNA from the blood of many of our participants (the total number of DNA samples currently exceeds 160,000, and our library of DNA samples continues to expand as we perform DNA extractions on a weekly basis). Facilities

drug_use

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T14:45:53+00:00

Drug use Adult participants were asked about their (recreational) use of soft- and hard drugs (section: lifestyle & environment). For information regarding the use of prescription drugs, see here. For information regarding the use of alcohol, see here. Questions in English

dutch_healthy_diet_index

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

The Dutch Healthy Diet index The Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 is a diet score derived from one of the FFQ processing steps; the FFQ item results. This DHD index is available for ~144.000 adult participants for the FFQ heart and ~68.500 for the FFQ heart and petals (section: Nutrition (Diet scores) and

ear_conditions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:36:55+00:00

Ear conditions Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about health issues with their ears (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note that the impact of hearing loss was assessed using the HHIA questionnaire. Questions English

ear_nose_throat_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Ear, nose, throat (<18) (Parents of) Lifelines underage participants (<18) were asked the following questions about health issues with their ears, nose and throat (section: Children & Adolescents). Variables Ear questions children Label English

earq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Earthquakes (EARQ) Earthquakes is the name of an additional questionnaire that was implemented in Lifelines at the initiative of the Department of Social Psychology of the University of Groningen. The aim of the questionnaire was to assess the health impact of earthquake-related damage experienced by inhabitants of Groningen due to the

earthquakes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T07:06:26+00:00

Earthquakes & gas extraction Lifelines participants were asked several questions about their experiences with earthquakes related to gas-drilling in Groningen (section: lifestyle & environment). Most of these questions were asked in the context of an additional questionnaire, EARQ. Label English

eating_behavior

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T13:59:41+00:00

Eating behavior The eating behavior of adult Lifelines participants was assessed in follow-up questionnaire 2B (section: nutrition). This questionnaire complements the adult FFQ diet questionnaire (heart and petals) but is officially not a part of it. Note that Lifelines also assessed

ecg

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

12-lead electrocardiogram Resting ECGs (section: physical state) were taken in Lifelines participants aged 13 years and older during: * 1A Visit 1 (n = ~156.000, including ~5600 children) * 2A Visit 1 (n = ~112.000, no children)) * 3A Visit 1 Background The 12-lead resting ECG measures electrical activity of the heart during rest, summarized in 12 leads.

eczema_measure_poem

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Eczema measure (POEM) Lifelines participants were asked questions from the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure as part of the additional questionnaire SKIQ (section: Diseases & symptoms). The POEM is a tool used for monitoring atopic eczema severity. It focuses on the illness as experienced by the patient. Variables Variables in SKIQ Label English

education_employment_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Education & Employment (<18) Parents of underage participants were asked about the educational attainment of their children; adolescents were asked about their educational attainment and current employment (section: Children & Adolescents). Note that Lifelines also assessed learning difficulties in children. Variables

education

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T14:15:46+00:00

Education Adult Lifelines participants were asked various questions about their educational attainment (section: Demographics). The questions and answers were based on the Dutch school system. For broader use of the data, self-reported educational attainment was coded into “high”, “middle

educational_attainment

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Educational Attainment An educational attainment score (educational_attainment_adu_c_1 or EA) of 'low', 'middle' or 'high' was calculated for all adult Lifelines participants who provided an answer to the highest obtained degree questions in 1A Questionnaire 1 and 2A Questionnaire 1 (i.e. variables degree_highest_adu_q_1/_a or EDUCATION & EDUCOTHER) (

elderly

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Elderly Elderly Lifelines participants (65+) underwent the same assessments as other adult participants (18-64), plus some additional questionnaires and measurements listed in this section: * Living situation * Frailty (GFI) * Self-assessment (Intermed) * Independence Note that the MMSE was also only performed in elderly participants.

electronic_device_use

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Electronic device use Participants answered several questions on their use of electronic devices (section: lifestyle & environment). Assessment of mobile phone use can be found here here, and assessment of compulsive use of internet can be found here. Note that questions on this topic have been asked to child participants as well, see subsections

emotional_affect_panas

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

PANAS The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a self-report instrument consisting of two 10-item mood scales to measure positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Positive and negative affect are considered as indicators of mental health and psychological wellbeing. The 10-item PANAS short form was used in follow-up questionnaire

employment_status

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-25T11:15:26+00:00

Employment status The following questions were asked regarding the current employment status of adults (section: Demographics). Note that Lifelines also assessed the occupational history and current profession of participants, as well as several aspects of wellbeing at work. Questions English

environment_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Environment (<18) Parents of underage participants were asked several questions regarding the environment at home and moving. In addition, (parents of) underage participants were asked about their exposure to pets (section: Children & adolescents). Furthermore, (parents of) underage participants were asked about exposure to smoking. Note that smoking of children and adolescents, was also assessed, see

environmental_exposure_linkage

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Environmental Exposure (linkage) Various institutes collect data about environmental characteristics (noise, air quality, facilities, earthquakes) of certain geolocations, for example based on x/y-coordinates. The home address postal codes of adult participants (at the moment of their baseline assessment) were transformed to x/y-coordinates, enabling the linkage of environmental data to individual participants.

exposure_to_noise_subjective

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Exposure to noise Participants were asked how they experienced their exposure to noise (section: lifestyle & environment). Participants were also asked about their subjective exposure to radiation. Questions English

exposure_to_radiation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Exposure to radiation Participants were asked about their subjective exposure to radiation (section: lifestyle & environment). Participants were also asked about their subjective exposure to noise. Questions English

exposure_to_smoking

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Exposure to smoking Adult participants and parents of underage participants were asked whether they / their children were ever exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke (section: lifestyle & environment). The assessment of smoking habits of adult and underage participants themselves is described

eye_conditions_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Eye conditions (general) Lifelines participants were asked the following general questions about their eyes and eye sight (section: Diseases & symptoms). Eye conditions were also assessed with the Ophthalmology Questionnaire (OQ). Questions English

eye_conditions_oq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:38:15+00:00

Ophthalmology Questionnaire (OQ) In 2A Questionnaire 2, adult Lifelines participants filled in questionnaire about eye conditions, developed by the Department of Ophthalmology at the UMCG (section: diseases & symptoms). The questionnaire contained both general questions and questions from validated ophthalmological instruments:

eyel

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

EyeLife (EYEL) Eyelife is one of Lifelines' additional assessments. This assessment was a collaboration between Lifelines and the UMCG Department of Opthalmology. The goal of the assessment was to quantify ocular health in the general ageing population, in particular the prevalence of glaucoma, using an extensive

faecal_samples

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Faecal samples Lifelines has collected a surplus of faecal samples over the course of DAG3 (2014-2016) in order to facilitate future study of the microbiome. These samples can be requested Background It is well known that the gut microbiome plays a very important role in our health. As part of the

familial_cancer

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial cancer Lifelines assessed participants' family history of cancer (section: family health). Questions English Questions Dutch

familial_cardiovascular_disease

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial cardiovascular diseases Lifelines assessed participants' family history of cardiovascular diseases (section: family health). Questions English

familial_chronic_fatigue_syndrome

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial chronic fatigue syndrome Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_diabetes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial diabetes Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Additionally, several questions on familial diabetes have been included in the additional assessment MHDQ. Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_digestive_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial digestive diseases Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_diseases_other

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial diseases (other) Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_kidney_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial kidney diseases Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_mental_illness

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial mental illnesses Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). In addition, a several questions on familial mental illnesses have been included in the additional assessment MHDQ. Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_musculoskeletal_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial musculoskeletal diseases Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_neurological_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial neurological diseases Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

familial_respiratory_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial respiratory diseases Not only the health of participants, but also their family history of diseases (section: Family health). Note that in this case, “children” may or may not be Lifelines participants, as opposed to the questions regarding the health of child participants as answered by their parents in

family_composition

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:02:35+00:00

Family composition The following questions were asked regarding family composition (section: Demographics), i.e. the birth/existence of parents, siblings, children and partners of Lifelines participants. Lifelines also assessed family deaths (section: family health), i.e. the time and cause of death of participants' family members.

family_deaths

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Family deaths The following questions were asked regarding the time and cause of death of Lifelines participants' family members (section: Demographics). Lifelines also assessed the birth of family members, including partners. Questions English

family_functioning_fad_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Family functioning (FAD) The Family Assesment Device (FAD) is an instrument to measure the structural, organizational, and transactional characteristics of families (section: children & adolescents). It is based on the McMaster Model of Family Functioning (MMFF). The full FAD consists of 60 items distributed over 6 dimensions of family functioning:

family_health

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Family health Lifelines assesses health in participants, but also collects information about their family history of diseases. In many cases, these family members are also Lifelines participants. This knowledge allows for a close examination of diseases that do or do not run in families.

family_links

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Familial links Many Lifelines participants are related to one another. Lifelines keeps track of these family ties in a table in which the following variables are registered: TBD

family_planning

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T12:10:59+00:00

Family planning Adult female Lifelines participants were asked whether they were planning to have any children in the future (section: reproduction & development) in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (ROAQ). Similar questions were asked in the context of the Lifelines birth cohort,

family_relations

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-09-02T10:45:52+00:00

Family Relations The Lifelines cohort consists of many family relationships. During the inclusion into Lifelines, participants were asked if they had any family members who would be interested in joining the cohort. As a result Lifelines is one of the largest 3 generation cohorts available.

fatigue_cdc

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T14:03:14+00:00

Fatigue (CDC) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) symptom inventory for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS or ME) is aimed to assess whether a person meets the CDC diagnostic criteria for (CFS) (section: diseases & symptoms). Note that Lifelines also assesses (chronic) fatigue using the CIS and PROMIS instruments plus some general questions. An CFS diagnostic score according to the CDC has been developed and is available for use.

fatigue_cis

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Fatigue (CIS) The Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) is a 20-item fatigue questionnaire developed in Dutch (section: diseases & symptoms). The questionnaire has been translated into multiple languages and is used to set diagnostic criteria for various illnesses, including chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS). Note that (chronic) fatigue is also assessed in

fatigue_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-25T12:40:48+00:00

Fatigue (general) Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about their experiences with fatigue (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note that fatigue is also assessed within Lifelines using the PROMIS and CIS instruments. Chronic fatigue syndrome is assessed using the CDC instrument. The FATIGUE1-3 variables were formulated as an addition to the CDC.

fatigue_promis_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Fatigue (PROMIS <18) (Parents of) underage Lifelines participants received the 10/8-item PROMIS short forms on fatigue and social roles in assessment 2A and 3A. Please note that the PROMIS-29 was used for adult participants, see General health (PROMIS). Variables Fatigue children Label English

fever

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Fever Parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked whether their child ever had a fever (section: diseases & symptoms), in the context of the additional assessment NEXT. Questions English Questions Dutch Variable

ffq_sum_scores

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

FFQ Sum scores Researchers from Wageningen University & Research (WUR) developed sum scores for the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) from adult participants. The FFQ consists of one basic questionnaire covering the macronutrient intake (heart of the flower) which has been assessed at 1A and three shorter questionnaires (the petals) covering (micro)nutrients assessed at

ffq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Flower FFQ Dietary intake of Lifelines participants aged 13 years and older was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for Lifelines by the department of Human Nutrition and Health at WUR (section: nutrition). Children between 8-12 years old filled in a Child FFQ developed by TNO. Age:

folic_acid_use

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T14:47:40+00:00

Folic acid use The use of folic acid in the peripartum period (section: reproduction & development) was assessed in adult female participants in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (ROAQ). Note that participants could complete the same survey on a total of 9 possible pregnancies.

food_allergy_definition

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Food allergy definition Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen developed a definition of food allergy for all Lifelines participants (adults and children) using the allergy variables from 2A. (sections: Diseases & symptoms (Allergies) and secondary & linked variables). The Food allergy definition can be requested in the Lifelines catalogue. Background In 2020,

food_choice

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Food choice Lifelines participants were asked which types of foods they preferred or avoided (section: nutrition). Note that Lifelines used the FFQ to assess food intake in detail, and also assessed eating behavior of participants. Food preference and avoidance during pregnancy was assessed in the context of the

frailty_gfi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T14:21:39+00:00

Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) Frailty is an indicator of risk of poor health outcomes (e.g. mortality, institutionalization, hospitalization, and functional decline) in elderly people (section: elderly). The Groningen Frailty Indicator is a self-assessment instrument designed to measure frailty in the elderly from a multidimensional perspective. The GFI was validated in the population of elderly

functional_bowel_symptoms_rome_iii

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T10:59:50+00:00

Functional Bowel Symptoms (Rome III) The Rome III IBS Diagnostic Questionnaire is a survey to assess whether individuals meet the diagnostic criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)(section: Diseases & symptoms). The Rome III diagnostic criteria are set forth by the Rome Foundation. The Rome III Survey was implemented in

gecco_variables

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

GECCO variables (linkage) Below you find an overview of GECCO variables that can be requested through the Lifeline catalogue. For more information and the condition for request, please see our page on environmental exposure. Variables Label English

gender_index

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Gender index Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen calculated a gender index for adult Lifelines participants based on baseline questions on a broad range of topics, in order to facilitate the research into the role of gender versus sex in healthy ageing. Notably, biological sex and psychosocial

general_assessments

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-12T13:13:54+00:00

General Assessments NB: see for additional assessments: here Lifelines collects questionnaire data, measurements, and biological samples from the entire cohort in rounds or waves called general assessments. Child participants follow a similar, but modified timeline. The following general assessments have been completed for adults:

general_health_promis

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

General health (PROMIS) The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 Profile v1.0 (PROMIS-29) (section: diseases & symptoms) is a collection of seven short forms measuring the following seven domains of self-reported health in 4 items each: * depression * anxiety

gwas

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-16T12:04:24+00:00

GWAS GWAS is one of Lifelines' additional assessments and contains the genome-wide SNP data of 15.400 adult Lifelines participants derived from the Illumina CytoSNP-12v2 array. The name GWAS might be confusing, as the assessment is not a "genome wide association study" in itself, but rather the formation of a database of SNP data that can be used, together with Lifelines phenotype data, to perform such studies.

gynecological_surgery

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Gynecological surgery Adult female Lifelines participants were asked about any gynecological surgeries they had (section: reproduction & development). Questions English Questions Dutch Variable Assessment

hair_samples

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Scalp Hair Scalp hair samples were collected from ~59,000 adult Lifelines participants during 2A Visit 2. The main aim of hair collection was to use the samples for the assessment of hormone levels, e.g. cortisol (section: physical state). The hair collection protocol was piloted in a subcohort of 300 participants in september 2013 (during

hair

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Hair Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about the state of their hair (section: physical state). These questions can be combined with the analyses of the available hair samples from Lifelines participants. Questions English

health_and_work_performance_hpq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Health and Work Performance (HPQ) Lifelines used two items from the Health and Work Performance questionnaire (HPQ) (section: wellbeing & subjective health), in the context of an additional questionnaire on menopause and work (MAWQ): Questions English

health_anxiety_whitely_index

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Health anxiety (Whitely Index) The Whitely Index was implemented in Lifelines to assess hypochondriasis among participants (section: wellbeing & subjective health). The Whitely Index contains 14 true-false statements about the subjective perception of health. Note that subjective health of Lifelines participants was also assessed using various

health_other_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Health other (<18) (Parents of) underage Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from any diseases other than the ones that were specified in the other subsections of (section: Children & Adolescents). Furthermore, this section includes variables that could not be categorized in the other subsections of (

heart_rate_variability

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Heart rate variability validation and derivatives Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen performed a validation of the ECG from participants at 1A visit 1 and 2A visit 1. Additionally, derivative variables have been created. (sections: physical state (ECG) and secondary & linked variables)) The heart rate variability (HRV) variables can be requested in the

hobbies_activities_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Hobbies & Activities (<18) The hobbies and activities of underage Lifelines participants was assessed with a broad range of questions (section: Children & adolescents). Related sections are Physical activity (<18) and Screen use (<18). Note that hobbies & activities has also been included for adult participants, and can be found in the

hobbies_activities

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Hobbies & activities Lifelines participants were asked several questions regarding their hobbies and activities (section: lifestyle & environment). Note that sports were assessed separately here. Underage participants were asked several questions on their hobbies and activities as well. A subcohort of adult participants answered some more detailed questions on daily activities in an

home_environment_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T07:08:50+00:00

Home environment (general) Participants were asked several questions regarding the environment at home (section: lifestyle & environment). Variables General questions Label English

hospitalization_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Hospitalization (<18) Parents of underage participants were asked whether their child has ever been hospitalized and if so, why and for how long (section: Children & Adolescents). Label English

hospitalization

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Hospitalization Participants were asked whether they had ever been hospitalized and if so, why and for how long (section: medical treatment). Participants were also asked about their medication use, surgeries, and other treatments. Questions English

household_composition

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:03:50+00:00

Household composition Adult Lifelines participants were asked the various regarding their household composition (section: Demographics). Note that some of these questions overlap with the subsection of family composition. Also note that some of the questions were asked in the context of additional assessments: 1)

household_family_composition_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Household & family composition (<18) (Parents of) underage Lifelines participants were asked the various regarding their household composition (section: Children&Adolescents). Household & family composition children Label English

hpc_course

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Lifelines UMCG High Performance Cluster The Lifelines UMCG High Performance Cluster (HPC) is a server environment that runs on Linux. On this environment it is possible to run resource intensive jobs and perform analyses on large (genetic) datasets. The environment provides access to the internet, allowing researchers to synchronize their work (f.e. analyses scripts) with a repository, or easily customize their application environments and analyses pipelines. Because the environment has less in…

hscrp

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-04T10:36:30+00:00

hsCRP measurements High-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) levels in Lifelines participants were determined in blood samples (section: Physical state) using three different lab-methods. The difference between the three methods are stated in the table. Variable code Variable name Kit name

ibs_diagnostic_score

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) diagnostic score Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen developed a Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) diagnostic score for adult participants using ROME III variables from 2A Questionnaire 2 and 3A Questionnaire 1. (sections: Diseases & symptoms (Functional Bowel Symptoms (Rome III)) and secondary & linked variables). The IBS diagnostic score can be requested in the Lifelines catalogue. Background

imal

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-22T14:22:10+00:00

Imalife (IMAL) Imalife is an additional assessment, performed in ~12,000 adult Lifelines participants in collaboration with the UMCG Department of Radiology. The aim of Imalife was to use a new computed tomography (CT) scan technique to evaluate quantitative imaging biomarkers of early stages of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (the

income

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-25T12:07:10+00:00

Income Adult Lifelines participants were asked about their financial income (section: Demographics): Questions English

independence

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Independence The following questions were asked regarding independence of elderly (65+) Lifelines participants (sections: elderly and wellbeing & subjective health): Questions English

infections_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Infections (<18) (Parents of) underage Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from fungal infections, eye infections, or urinary tract infections (section: Children & Adolescents). Child variables mycosis Label English

infectious_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Infectious diseases Adult Lifelines participants were asked whether they (had ever) suffered from any infectious diseases (section: Diseases & symptoms), in the context of additional questionnaire COVQ (no. 11) Questions English

informal_care

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-25T12:09:05+00:00

Informal care Participants were asked whether they gave unpaid care to someone close (family/friend) because of long term limitations and/or health problems, excluding unpaid care of strangers (i.e. volunteer work) or the care for healthy children (

informed_consent

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Informed Consent All Lifelines participants have signed an informed consent (IC) form. For adults, the IC contains the following statements: * The undersigned agrees to participate in the Lifelines study aimed at unravelling the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the genesis and the evolution of a number of different common chronic diseases associated with aging such as but not limited to, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lung disease and depressions. I agree that wi…

infq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Informal Care (INFQ) Informal Care is the name of an additional questionnaire for caregivers. The questionnaire was implemented in Lifelines at the initiative of the UMCG Department of Epidemiology. The questionnaire covers a broad range of subjects: * General information on caregiving situation *

insomnia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Insomnia Lifelines participants (or their parents, in case of underage participants) were asked whether they suffered from insomnia (section: Diseases & symptoms). In the context of an additional assessment, ADHQ, the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) was used Other sleeping habits of participants were assessed with several

internet_use_cius

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Internet use (CIUS) The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is an instrument aimed to assess the severity of compulsive internet use, which may have negative consequences for health and well-being (section: Lifestyle & environment). Background The CIUS was originally developed in Dutch. It consists of 14 self-report items, with answer categories on a 5-point

io

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-08T08:57:07+00:00

*THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION* Import-only variables Import-only (IO) variables are not freely available for use due to privacy restrictions. If you are interested in using an IO variable in your research project, please contact data management at data@lifelines.nl to ask about the possibilities.

job_codes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-06-26T13:20:18+00:00

Job codes (ISCO-coding) The participants' self-reported profession and occupational history at baseline were coded according to the following documentation (sections: demographics and secondary & linked variables): [isco coding system CBS ] [isco documentation CBS ] This resulted in the following variables: Description

jump_test

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Jump Test The Jump Test is a method to measure lower-limb muscle power, as well as coordination of lower and upper extremities, by jumping as high as possible. Jumping height is calculated from flight time. The Jump Test was performed in 32,000 able

kidney_bladder_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:25:32+00:00

Kidney & bladder diseases Lifelines participants were asked whether they have had and/or were treated for a number of kidney & bladder diseases (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note that we also collected urine samples from most of our participants, and either stored them for future use or performed some

labor_delivery

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T14:38:17+00:00

Labor & delivery Adult female Lifelines participants were asked where and how they went through labor and delivery and how they experienced it (section: reproduction & development) in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health: ROAQ. Manner of labor and delivery

leaq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-02T10:34:00+00:00

Language Experience and Aging Questionnaire (LEAQ) The Language Experience and Aging Questionnaire is an additional assessment conducted among all Lifelines participants, developed by the University of Groningen's Bilingualism and Aging lab (NL) and UiT the Arctic University of Norway Center for Language Brain and Learning. This additional study is conducted by the same University of Groningen research team that designed the additional study

learning_difficulties_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Learning difficulties (<18) Parents of underage participants were asked whether their children had any learning difficulties (section: Children & Adolescents). Note that Lifelines also asked general questions about the education of underage participants. Variables Learning difficulties children

life_orientation_test_lot-r

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R) The revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) is a standard psychological instrument that assesses a person's dispositional level of optimism, i.e. the degree to which people possess confidence and hope that future events will turn out positively

life_satisfaction_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Life satisfaction (general) Adult and elderly Lifelines participants were asked the following questions regarding their life satisfaction (section: wellbeing & subjective health). Note that life satisfaction was also assessed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Questions English

life_satisfaction_swls

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Life Satisfaction (SWLS) The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a 5-item instrument assessing the level of life satisfaction, a key part of subjective wellbeing (section: wellbeing & subjective health). Note that Lifelines also assessed quality of life with the RAND-36 and EQ5D instruments. Variables Questions English

lifelines_diet_score

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Lifelines Diet Score The Lifelines Diet Score is a diet score derived from the completed FFQ-heart filled in by ~130.000 adult Lifelines participants at the baseline assessment (1A Questionnaire 2) (section: Nutrition (Diet scores) and secondary & linked variables). The LLDS was developed by the UMCG department of epidemiology and is a fully food-based and evidence-based tool to assess relative diet quality. Its highest scores represent diets expected to be most beneficial in light of the prev…

lifestyle_adjustments

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Lifestyle adjustments Lifestyle adjustments are an important factor in healthy ageing. Lifelines assessed the lifestyle advise participants received, and their reasons, willingness and success to adjust their lifestyle. In addition, the effects of receiving feedback from Lifelines (i.e. the results from the physical measurements) were assessed in detail.

lifestyle_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Lifestyle (Covid-19) Lifelines assessed the changes in regular lifestyle, and corona-specific additions to lifestyle, in adult participants during the 2020 corona crisis, in the context of a series of additional questionnaires: COVQ (section: lifestyle & environment). This subsection also includes questions about the CoronaMelder app issued by the Dutch government to monitor infection patterns.

lifestyle_environment

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T13:19:31+00:00

Lifestyle & environment Lifestyle and environmental factors are an important influence on healthy ageing. Lifelines collected many variables within this section, organized in the following subsections: * Alcohol use * Chronotype (MCTQ) * Chronotype (CSM) * Drug use * Earthquakes & Gas extractions * Electronic device use * Exposure to air pollution (linkage) * Exposure to noise (subjective) * Exposure to noise (linkage) * Exposure to radiation * Exposure to smoking * H…

living_situation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Living situation The following questions were asked regarding the living situation of elderly participants (65+) during the general assessments and to adult and elderly participants (60-80 years old) during the additional assessment ACTQ. Variables Label English

location

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-17T09:53:51+00:00

Locations for visits Lifelines general assessments require two visits on location, to perform physical measurements (i.e. anthropometry, spirometry, blood pressure, ECG, etc.) and to take blood and urine samples. Lifelines participants were invited to visit a location of their preference. Children were assessed in all locations mentioned below, except for Terschelling.

logtag

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

The LogTag Temperature Recorder incorporates an external temperature sensor arranged in a recess in the case. This design protects the sensor from damage but still provides a fast reaction time more associated with remote temperature sensors. Using the LogTag Interface and LogTag’s software LogTag® Analyzer, the LogTag is set-up for recording conditions including delayed start, sampling interval, number of readings, continuous or fixed number of readings and configuration of conditions to activ…

loneliness_ls

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:39:39+00:00

Loneliness Scale (LS) The short form of the Loneliness Scale measures subjective social isolation (section: mental health), which is defined as a situation experienced by the participant as one where there is an unpleasant or inadmissible lack of (quality of) certain relationships. It includes situations where the number of existing relationships is smaller than desirable or acceptable, as well as situations where the intimacy wished for has not been realized

mawq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T13:11:06+00:00

Menopause and Work (MAWQ) The Menopause & Work questionnaire is an additional assessment among female Lifelines participants aged 40 to 67 years with a paid job. The digital questionnaire was developed at the initiative of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. The goal of this assessment was to get insight into the prevalence of (various)

mcfq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Questionnaire (MCFQ) The ME/CFS questionnaire is an additional questionnaire among adult Lifelines participants. The digital questionnaire was developed at the initiative of researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen. The study aims to identify the prevalence of ME/CFS in the general population, to subsequently allow further research to unravel the aetiology of the disease.

mcot

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-25T14:32:49+00:00

Memory and Cognition Test (MCOT) MCOT is the name of an additional assessment in which a memory and cognition test is performed via a smartphone app, in a subgroup of adult Lifelines participants. Implementation of this additional study in Lifelines was initiated by the department of Nephrology of the University Medical Center Groningen. The purpose of this study was to determine reference values for the digital version of the test, since they may differ from the available reference values that…

medical_treatment

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Medical treatment In this section, all variables are listed that assess whether Lifelines participants were ever hospitalized, took medication, were treated by a healthcare professional or had any surgery. Note that some additional variables assessing medical treatments for specific diseases and symptoms can be found

medication_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Medication (<18) *THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION* Variables Note that for children and adolescents, medication variables for specific symptoms and diseases can be found under other subsections of the section Children & Adolescents: * Allergies: allergies and hayfever * Cold & flu * Diabetes *

medication_adherence_promas

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Medication adherence (PROMAS) The Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (PROMAS) is a self-report instrument to assess medication adherence. It contains 18 items on medication adherence (section: medical treatment) and 7 screening items on the presence of chronic diseases (section: diseases & symptoms). Variables

medication_atc

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-31T13:15:10+00:00

Medication (ATC) The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. It is controlled by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (

medication_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Medication (Covid-19) Medication use of Lifelines participants during the 2020 Corona crisis was monitored in the context of an additional assessment, COVQ (section: Medical treatment). Note that medication use in general was assessed in multiple other assessments. Questions English

medication

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-09-24T11:12:51+00:00

Medication Lifelines participants were asked several questions about their medication use (section: medical treatment). The raw data from HEALTH75A-T (1A, 1B, 1C, 3A, 3B, and 4A) are not freely available for use (due to privacy restrictions). The results from 1A medication questions were transformed into

menopause_symptoms_gcs

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T13:06:12+00:00

Menopause symptoms (GCS) The Green Climacteric Scale is a 21-item validated instrument to measure menopausal symptoms(section: diseases & symptoms and reproduction & development). The scale is also validated in the Dutch population . In Lifelines, the scale was used in an additional assessment on Menopause & Work (MAWQ). Scoring The GCS generates a total score and 4 domain scores (psychological, somatic, vasomotor and sexual functioning). The GCS total score is the sum of the scores obtained…

menstruation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:24:33+00:00

Menstruation Adult and young female Lifelines participants were asked about menstruation and menstrual pain (section: reproduction & development). A large subcohort of adult female participants answered more detailed questions on this topic in the context of an additional questionnaire on women's reproductive health (

mental_development_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mental development (<18) The mental development of underage Lifelines participants was assessed with the following questions (section: Children & adolescents). Lifelines also assessed the physical development of underage participants. Variables Label English

mental_health_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mental health (Covid-19) Lifelines assessed the mental health of adult participants during the 2020 Corona crisis using adapted items from the MINI in the context of an additional questionnaire: COVQ (section: mental health). In q21, questions about memory problems were added to this list. Questions English

mental_health

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mental health In this section, all variables assessing the mental state of Lifelines participants are organized. Note that several subsections in the Wellbeing & subjective health section also have a mental health component. * ADHD Rating scale * Aggression (ASR/ABCL) * Alcohol use disorder (DSM-5) * Autism spectrum (AQ-10) * Childhood Trauma (CTQ) * Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) * Cognition (RFFT) * Cognition (CogState) * Cognitive decline (IQCODE) * …

mental_illnesses

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T16:03:15+00:00

Mental Illnesses Lifelines participants were asked whether they (ever) had a mental illness (section: Diseases & symptoms and Mental health). Note that questions on eating disorders are listed here, and that some mental illnesses are assessed in more detail (see list of subsections under Mental health). Psychosis was assessed using the

mhdq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mental health and Diabetes (MHDQ) The Mental health and Diabetes questionnaire is an additional questionnaire among adult Lifelines participants. The digital questionnaire was developed at the initiative of researchers from University of Tübingen and Carleton University. The study aims to identify if the combination of parental T2D and parental depression history increases the risk of T2D in their offspring. In this context, depression and stress resilience of the children is studied as well.…

mini_derivatives

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-02T10:24:12+00:00

MINI Derivatives Results from the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) performed among adult Lifelines participants at general assessments 1A and 2A were processed into derivatives by the University Center of Psychiatry, according to the manual for MINI version 5.0.0. These derivatives should be used to define if a participant meets the criteria for a certain psychiatric diagnosis (

mini_mental_state_examination

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (section: mental health) was measured in all elderly Lifelines participants during: * 1A Visit 1 (65+, n = ~13.000) * 3A Visit 1 (65+) Background The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief cognition test used to assess cognitive impairments (

mini_neuropsychiatric_interview

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (section: mental health) was performed in all adult Lifelines participants during: * 1A Visit 1 (as interview, n = ~149.000, 65+ participants only with MMSE score of 26 or more) * 2A Visit 1 (as a digital questionnaire on location, n = ~119.000)

mobile_phone_use_mob

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mobile phone use (MOB) Mobile phone use (section: lifestyle & environment) was assessed in adult Lifelines participants using a questionnaire (MOB) that originated from the UK Biobank . The MOB consists of 5 questions that were translated from English to Dutch. Note, similar questions have been asked to

morning_urine_storage

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

The urine aliquots are stored at -80°C in the HAMILTON BIOS Lifestore Eemspoort Groningen

mortality

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mortality As of May 2020, ~3000 Lifelines participants have died. Lifelines continuously receives updates about the death of participants via the BRP, and these data may be released for scientific purposes. We do not know the cause of death of participants, but researchers may obtain this information via data linkage with

motor_skills_dcddailyq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Motor skills (DCDDailyQ) Parents of child participants were asked questions from the DCDDailyQ as part of the additional questionnaire DCDQ (section: Children & adolescents). Please note: the additional questionnaire DCDQ also included variables from the DCDQ. The DCDDailyQ is a parental questionnaire, which enables investigation of specific Activities of Daily Living (ADL) difficulties in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). It covers three aspects: 1) how well children p…

motor_skills_dcdq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Motor skills (DCDQ) Parents of child participants were asked questions from the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire as part of the additional questionnaire DCDQ (section: Children & adolescents). Please note: the additional questionnaire DCDQ also included variables from the DCDDailyQ. The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) is a brief parent questionnaire designed to screen for coordination disorders in children. Parents are asked to compare their child’s m…

multiple_births

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Multiple births Lifelines participants were asked whether they were part of a multiple birth (i.e. twins, triplets etc.) and the details of their conception and zygosity (section: demographics). Questions English

municipal_codes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Municipal codes Lifelines has generated a list of municipal codes for each participant, one code for each known home address starting in 2006 (sections: demographics and secondary & linked variables). These municipal codes correspond to the codes used by Statistics Netherlands (CBS) to collect data ("kerncijfers") about Dutch neighbourhoods, organised in tables per year.

musculoskeletal_conditions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:29:07+00:00

Musculoskeletal conditions Lifelines participants were asked whether they had the following muscle, joint, and/or bone diseases (section: Diseases & symptoms). Questions regarding musculoskeletal symptoms (independent of specific disorders) are listed here. Lifelines also assessed connective tissue diseases using the

musculoskeletal_pain_wpi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T13:39:30+00:00

Musculoskeletal pain (WPI) The Widespread Pain Index quantifies the extent of bodily pain. The WPI is required to identify individuals that meet the diagnostic criteria of fibromyalgia in epidemiological studies (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note that pain was also assessed in Lifelines participants as a symptom of several specified medical conditions, for example

musculoskeletal_symptoms_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Musculoskeletal symptoms (<18) The musculoskeletal symptoms of underage Lifelines participants was assessed with various questions (section: Children & adolescents). Lifelines assessed this topic for adult participants as well, see musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal conditions. Variables Musculoskeletal symptoms children

musculoskeletal_symptoms

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T13:40:17+00:00

Musculoskeletal symptoms Lifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from the following undiagnosed symptoms (i.e. pain) in their musculoskeletal system (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note that Lifelines also assessed musculoskeletal conditions, as well as connective tissue diseases and pain in the context of fibromyalgia (WPI). Additionally, musculoskeletal symptoms have been assessed in

musq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-15T11:48:25+00:00

Language and Music (MUSQ) The Language and Music questionnaire is an additional assessment among elderly (65+) Lifelines participants. The aim of the digital questionnaire was to gain more insight in the role of language use and language switching, and musical training, on cognitive health. The questionnaire was developed at the initiative of the UMCG

myst

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Mind Your Step (MYST) Mind Your Step is one of Lifelines' additional assessments. This assessment was a collaboration between Lifelines and the Hanze University of Applied sciences, Research group Healthy Ageing. The first goal of the assessment was to gain insight in determinants related to the adoption of two quantified self-devices: a digital weight scale and an activity tracker which could also measure sleeping behavior.

nationality_ethnicity

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Nationality & Ethnicity The following questions regarding nationality and ethnicity (section: Demographics) of Lifelines participants were asked: Additionally, by linking BRP and CBS data, the Province of birth has been generated. Questions English

neighbourhood_ple

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Neighbourhood (PLE) The Perceived Living Environment instrument (PLE) aims to quantify how people perceive (the quality of) the neighbourhood they live in (section: Lifestyle & environment). The instrument comprises of 9 items investigating characteristics of the living environment as perceived by the respondent. The instrument “Perceived living environment” is a compilation of questions used in the “GGD gezondheidsenquete 2010” and “

neurological_disorders

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:30:01+00:00

Neurological disorders Lifelines participants were asked whether they had any neurological disorders (section: Diseases & symptoms). Questions English Questions Dutch

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-08-18T12:20:43+00:00

Lifelines NEXT Lifelines NEXT is one of Lifelines' additional assessments, performed in collaboration with the Department of Genetics at the University Medical Center Groningen. Protocol In Lifelines NEXT the aim is to primarily include 1500 pregnant women who participate in the regular Lifelines study. Secondary, participants can enroll who are not currently in the Lifelines cohort.

nicotine_dependence_ftnd

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Nicotine dependence (FTND) Lifetime nicotine dependence, i.e. the intensity of physical addiction to nicotine in the period of heaviest smoking, was assessed in adult Lifelines participants using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (section: mental health). Note that Lifelines also assessed participants'

nighttime_screen_use

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Nighttime Screen Use The following variables on nighttime screen use (section: lifestyle & environment) were collected in the context of an additional questionnaire on Shiftwork and Screen use (SHIQ). Of note, the subsection nighttime screen use also includes variables of the additional questionnaire on blue light, which was sent to underage participants and of which the variables can be found on the page

nses

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Socioeconomic status (SES) scores In 2022 the socioeconomic status (SES) scores have been published for general usage. The SES scores are available on the global drive of the Lifelines Workspace and can be directly linked to the data using postal codes (PC4) (

nutrition

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Nutrition All variables assessing the diet of Lifelines participants can be found under this section. The variables are organized in the following subsections: * Flower FFQ (plus nutrient calculations) * Food choice * Diet scores (based on the FFQ) * Eating behavior * Children's diet (FFQ-TNO) * Infant diet (general) * Infant diet (FFQ) * Salt intake

occupational_eczema_nosq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Occupational eczema (NOSQ) The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) was designed to study work-related skin diseases (SD) and work exposures causing SD (section: diseases & symptoms). In Lifelines, the short version of the NOSQ was used (i.e. the 7 items focusing on SD rather than the more general demographic and occupational information).

occupational_history

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Occupational History The following questions were asked regarding the professional history (up to 20 previous jobs) of adult Lifelines participants (section: Demographics). These self-reports are not released due to the risk of identification), but the ISCO-coded versions are available.

omega_survey

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T19:34:09+00:00

Omega survey The Omega Survey is a comprehensive questionnaire developed by researchers from the Omega Study in order to ascertain information on women's reproductive histories, reproductive health and diseases, fertility treatments and (contraceptive) hormone use (

omics_studies_overlap

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-07T14:22:18+00:00

Overlap between studies Study name CytoSNP (GWAS) GSA (UGLI1) Affymetrix (UGLI2+3) DEEP DAG3 CytoSNP (GWAS) ~13800 ~850 GSA (UGLI1) ~36200 ~600 ~8000 Affymetrix (UGLI2+3) ~60150 ~50 DEEP ~850 ~600 ~50 ~1650 ~400 DAG3

opbq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Optimism, parental bonding and emotion self-regulation (OPBQ) OPBQ is the name of an additional questionnaire on optimism, parental bonding and self-regulation of emotions among adult (18+) and adolescent (13-17) Lifelines participants. Implementation of this questionnaire in

oral_cavity_conditions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Oral cavity conditions Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about their oral health (section: diseases & symptoms). Note that Lifelines also assessed the general state of the teeth of participants, as well as dental treatments. Questions English

ostheoarthritis_womac

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Ostheoarthritis (WOMAC) The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used, proprietary set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients (in this case: Lifelines participants) with osteoarthritis of the ankles, knees and hips, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints (

parental_bonding_midus

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Parental bonding (MIDUS) The aim of the national survey of midlife development in the United States (MIDUS), first conducted in 1995/1996, was to investigate the role of behavioral, psychological, and social factors in health and well-being. The MIDUS was implemented in Lifelines in the context of an additional assessment: MHDQ. The included questions are about the relationship with your parents while growing up. This questionnaire was not validated and translated by Lifelines.

parental_bonding_pbi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) The Parental Bonding Instrument is a questionnaire that can be used to study optimal and distorted parental bonding. It assesses the bond between the participant and the two parental figures that or played the most important role in his/her upbringing ('parent 1' and 'parent 2').

perinatal_hospitalization

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Perinatal hospitalization Parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked about hospitalization of the mother or child before and after birth of the participant (section: reproduction & development). In addition, adult female participants were asked about hospitalization before or after childbirth in the context of an

personal_data_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Personal data (<18) Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about their person (section: Children & Adolescents). Note that Lifelines also receives regular updates on the personal data of participants from the BRP. Personal data children Questions English

personal_data

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Personal data Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about their person (section: Demographics). Note that Lifelines also receives regular updates on the personal data of participants from the BRP. Questions English

personality_asi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Personality (ASI) The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) is a 16-item self-report instrument that provides a measure of anxiety sensitivity (AS), a psychological construct that has been shown to be a central cognitive risk factor relevant to anxiety and its disorders (section:

personality_gas

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Personality (GAS) The goal-oriented personality traits of adult Lifelines participants (section: mental health) were assessed in follow-up questionnaire 1C using the Goal Disengagement and Goal Reengagement Scale (GAS) . Note that personality traits were also assessed in Lifelines using the ASI, the NEO, and the Type D instruments. Moreover, various personality traits (

personality_neo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

NEO Personality Inventory The NEO-PI-R is a self-report instrument that measures the five most important domains of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness (section: mental health). Lifelines implemented two abbreviated versions of the NEO at

personality_sum_scores_neo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Personality sum scores (NEO) Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen and the Amsterdam University Medical Center calculated scores for several facets and five factor inventory (FFI) domains of the Personality (NEO) from participants aged 18-65 at 1A questionnaire 2. Lifelines combined these calculations. (sections: mental health (Personality (NEO)) and secondary & linked variables) The personality sum scores (NEO) can be requested in the

personality_type_d

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Personality (Type D) In follow-up questionnaire 1C, adult Lifelines participants were asked in how far they possess a Type D personality (section: mental health). Note that personality traits were also assessed in Lifelines using the ASI, the GAS, and the NEO questionnaires. Moreover, various personality traits (

pets_livestock

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Pets & Livestock Participants were asked about their exposure to pets and livestock (section: lifestyle & environment). Note that a subcohort of participants was asked more detailed questions on this topic in an additional assessment: DAG3. Questions English

pgxp

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-08-12T14:40:19+00:00

Pharmacogenetic Passport (PGXP) The Pharmacogenetic Passport (PGXP) study is an additional assessment, performed in adult Lifelines participants in collaboration with the UMCG Department of Genetics. The main aim of the PGXP project was to improve the understanding of requirements for returning PGx passports (in a smartphone application) to individuals (in this case: Lifelines participants) in a responsible way, such that the use of information by PGx passport recipients and their healthcare p…

physical_activity_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Physical activity (<18) The physical activity of underage Lifelines participants was assessed with various questions regarding their general level of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sports (section: Children & adolescents). Related sections are Hobbies & activities (<18) and Screen use (<18). \\ Note that physical activity has also been included for adult participants, and can be found in the

physical_activity_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Physical activity (general) Participants were asked about their general level of physical activity, including sedentary behavior (section: lifestyle & environment). Note that physical activity of participants was furthermore assessed using the validated SQUASH questionnaire, and with some general questions about

physical_activity_sports

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Physical activity (sports) Participants were asked whether they played any sports, and how mych time they spend playing sports (section: lifestyle & environment). Note that physical activity of participants was furthermore assessed using some general questions as well as the validated SQUASH questionnaire.

physical_activity_squash

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

SQUASH (raw data) The Short questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) is a Dutch questionnaire developed by the Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment to give an indication of habitual physical activity levels (section: lifestyle & environment). The SQUASH was structured to enable the assessment of compliance to physical activity guidelines:

physical_development_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Physical development (<18) The physical development of underage Lifelines participants was assessed with various questions (section: Children & adolescents). Lifelines also assessed the mental development of participants. Note that the development of coördinated movements was assessed using the DCD questionnaire in an

physical_state

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-22T14:43:44+00:00

Physical state This section contains variables that objectively describe physical characteristics of Lifelines participants (i.e., not associated with any particular diseases & symptoms). It includes physical parameters measured during the first visits of assessments 1A, 2A, and 3A, and biomarkers measured in biosamples collected during the second visits of assessments

pmhq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-16T14:18:38+00:00

Pregnancy and mental health (PMHQ) PMHQ is the name of an additional questionnaire on mental health during and after pregnancy, among adult, female Lifelines participants. Implementation of this questionnaire in Lifelines was initiated by the department of psychiatry of the University Medical Center Groningen.

postnatal_health

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Postnatal health Adult female Lifelines participants were asked about the postnatal health of their children (section: reproduction & development) in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (ROAQ) an in our birth cohort NEXT. Questions English Questions Dutch

postnatal_medication

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Postnatal medication Adult female Lifelines participants were asked about the medication use of their newborn children (section:reproduction & development) in our birth cohort, NEXT. Questions English Questions Dutch

postnatal_wellbeing

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Postnatal/postpartum well-being Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about the period after the birth of their child (sections: reproduction & development and wellbeing & subjective health). Questions English Questions Dutch

postpartum_health

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T13:43:19+00:00

Postpartum health The following variables about health problems after childbirth (section: reproduction & development) experienced by adult female Lifelines participants were collected in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (ROAQ). Label English

pre-_and_perinatal_period_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Pre- and perinatal period (<18) The parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked about the period during the pregnancy (including folic acid), the period of birth, and the first period of the child (section: Children & adolescents). Questions regarding the birth of adult participants can be found in the section

pregnancy_outcomes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T15:58:22+00:00

Pregnancy outcomes Female Lifelines participants were asked whether they were or had ever been pregnant, and what the outcome of these pregnancies was (section: reproduction & development). In the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (ROAQ), adult female Lifelines participants were asked questions regarding birthweight, feeding, first-hour contact, hospitalization and health(problems) of the child, up to nine pregnancies and up to three children per pregnanc…

pregnancy

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T14:34:57+00:00

Pregnancy The following variables about pregnancies (section: reproduction & development) experienced by adult female Lifelines participants were collected in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (ROAQ). Questions concern, among others, conception, complications during pregnancy, substance and medication use during pregnancy. Note that the question pregnancy_lifetime_adu_q_1 was asked in the context of the ROAQ questionnaire on Female health. Note that th…

prenatal_health_disease

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Prenatal health & disease Parents of underage participants were asked about the health and disease of the mother of the participant while pregnant with the participant for the additional assessment NEXT (section: reproduction & development). Similar questions have been included in the birth questionnaire completed by parents of underage

prenatal_medication

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Prenatal/Prepartum medication The parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked about the medication use of the mother of the participant while she was pregnant with the participant (section: reproduction & development). In addition, adult female participants were asked about their medication use while pregnant, in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (

prepartum_environment

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T13:25:51+00:00

Prepartum environment The following variables about prepartum work environment (section: reproduction & development) experienced by adult female Lifelines participants were collected in the context of an additional questionnaire about female reproductive health (ROAQ). First, participants were asked whether they had been pregnant and if so, to answer the work environment questions about their latest pregnancy.

profession

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T06:58:58+00:00

Profession Lifelines participants were asked about their current profession (section: Demographics). Their self-reported answers (at baseline) are not released due to the risk of identification, but the coded answers (according to the ISCO 2008 coding) are available for research. Self-reported variables

province_of_birth

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Province of birth In cooperation with researchers from the University of Groningen participants' place of birth has been transformed to the variable 'province of birth'. Linkage (see below) resulted in a province of birth for ~162,500 Lifelines participants, which is available in the Lifelines catalogue (

proxy

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

1A Proxy Interview Adult Lifelines participants who were not able to independently fill in the baseline questionnaires, for example due to mental or physical problems, could choose to undergo a short interview on the location of 1A visit 1. Elderly participants who scored less than 26 points on the

psychosis_psq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Psychosis (PSQ) The Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) screens for symptoms commonly found in psychotic disorders (section: mental health). Note that adult participants were also asked if they suffered from mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, and underage participants filled in the CBCL and YSR that include some questions on psychotic experiences.

psychosocial_work_environment_copsoq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Psychosocial work environment (COPSOQ) The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) is an instrument to assess wellbeing at work (section: wellbeing & subjective health). Lifelines implemented 21 questions from the second version of the COPSOQ, in the following dimensions: * Quantitative demands (2 items)

pulmonary_function_test

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Pulmonary Function Test Spirometry is a physiological test used to establish baseline lung function by measuring how an individual inhales or exhales volumes of air as a function of time. Spirometry is important as a screening test of general respiratory health.

quality_of_life_eq5d

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Quality of Life (EQ-5D) The EQ-5D is a standardized instrument for measuring generic health status (section: wellbeing & subjective health). It has been widely used in population health surveys, clinical studies, economic evaluation and in routine outcome measurement in the delivery of operational healthcare.

quality_of_life_hhia

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Quality of Life (HHIA/E) The Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults - screening version (HHIA-S) and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly - screening version (HHIE-S) are two largely overlapping 10-item self-assessment scales that aim to assess the presence of hearing loss and its impact on the quality of life (

quality_of_life_rand

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-09-01T13:20:57+00:00

Quality of Life (RAND-36) The RAND-36 measures ‘Health Related Quality of Life’, i.e. how health impacts an individual’s ability to function and his or her perceived well-being in physical, mental and social domains of life. Section: Wellbeing & subjective health. The RAND-36 is highly similar to the

quarantine_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Quarantine (Covid-19) Lifelines assessed compliance of adult participants with the quarantine and self-isolation guidelines issued by the Dutch government during the 2020 Corona crisis, in the context of a series of additional questionnaires: COVQ (section: lifestyle & environment). Note that an extensive list questions about

rearing_style_s-embu-a

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Rearing style (S-EMBU-A) Adolescent Lifelines participants were asked about the rearing style of their parents (section: children & adolescents). These questions were derived from the Short Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran (Swedish for “My memories of upbringing”) questionnaire for Adolescents (S-EMBU-A), especially from the Emotional Warmth scale (4 items) and Rejection scale (4 items).

references

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Paper and manuscript references In this section you can find a list of references you are asked to include in your publication if you have used the data. You will be able to find both the references for used phenotypic data as well as genetic data.

relq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Regional Languages (RELQ) RELQ is the name of an additional questionnaire on the use of common regional languages in the North of the Netherlands, i.e. Frysian and Low Saxon, among adult Lifelines participants. Implementation of this questionnaire in Lifelines was initiated by the department of information science of the University of Groningen.

reproduction_development

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-12T13:06:45+00:00

Reproduction & development In this section, Lifelines participants (or their parents) were asked about their own birth and early development. In addition, adult female participants were asked about their reproductive life, including menstruation, childbirth and menopause.

respiration_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Respiration Parents of underage participants were asked whether their child had and/or were treated for various respiratory diseases (asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia). Adolescents were asked if they had ever suffered from (confirmed) asthma or an asthma attack.

respiratory_diseases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:30:44+00:00

Respiratory diseases Lifelines participants were asked whether they had and/or were treated for various respiratory diseases (section: Diseases & symptoms). Lifelines also assessed general (undiagnosed) respiratory symptoms and implemented the Dutch ELON questionnaire and the Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHQ) to assess respiratory problems.

respiratory_problems_elon_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Respiratory problems (ELON <18) The “Europees Luchtwegonderzoek Nederland III short questionnaire” (ELON III) is the Dutch version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). The short survey, together with the long version, has been used since 1991 as the standard questionnaire for epidemiological studies on respiratory health.

respiratory_problems_elon

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Respiratory problems (ELON) The “Europees Luchtwegonderzoek Nederland III short questionnaire” (ELON III) is the Dutch version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). The short survey, together with the long version, has been used since 1991 as the standard questionnaire for epidemiological studies on respiratory health.

respiratory_problems_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Respiratory Problems (general) Lifelines participants were asked whether they had any (undiagnosed) respiratory symptoms (section: Diseases & symptoms). Respiratory symptoms were also assessed using the ELON and BHQ questionnaires. Questions about (diagnosed) respiratory diseases can be found

responses_to_positive_affect_rpa

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Responses to Positive Affect (RPA) The Responses to Positive Affect (RPA) questionnaire is a self-report measure of rumination on positive affect states. The RPA was implemented in both adult (section: mental health) and adolescent (section: children & adolescents) Lifelines participants in the context of an additional questionnaire:

reward_sensitivity_spsrq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Reward Sensitivity (SPSRQ) Reward sensitivity was assessed in adult and underage Lifelines participants in the context of an additional questionnaire on ADHD, using the Sensitivity to Reward items from the SPSRQ or SPSRQ-C (section: mental health). Participants (or parents of underage participants) were asked how strongly the following statements applied to them (or their children) on a four-point

roaq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-03T12:29:33+00:00

ROAHD (ROAQ) 'Female Reproductive Health’ is the name of an additional questionnaire. The project was a collaboration between Lifelines and the University Medical Center Groningen Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The study is part of the program ‘Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease' (

ruff_figural_fluency_test

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Ruff Figural Fluency Test The Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) (section: mental health) was measured in all Lifelines participants aged 18 years and older during: * 1A Visit 1 (n = ~91.000) * 3A Visit 1 Background The RFFT is a measure of nonverbal fluency, a parameter of executive cognitive functioning (

salt_intake

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Salt intake Adult Lifelines participants were asked about their salt intake and the type of salt as part of the additional assessment SALT (section: nutrition). Variables Label English

salt

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Salt intake (SALT) Salt intake is the name of an additional assessment which includes additional urine analyses and an additional questionnaire. This additional assessment was implemented in Lifelines at the initiative of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) . The aim of this project was to determine whether the average intake of sodium, potassium, and chloride of Lifelines participants in 2020 has changed compared to 2006-2007 as the result of initiatives and pol…

sample_quality

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Quality Control Lifelines adheres to strict protocols to ensure the high quality of the Lifelines materials. Thanks to the audit trails of our laboratory information management system and the temperature logs we are able to provide detailed information for each individual sample such as:

sample_storage

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sample Storage All of the Lifelines biosamples are safely stored under optimal conditions in a state-of-the-art storage facility, the Lifestore. Logistics and storage activities are carried out following standard operating procedures and operated under a strict quality management system, using temperature monitoring, alarm systems, back-up freezers, redundancy of all essential infrastructure, and emergency backup generators. All operations and infrastructures are designed to handle samples with…

screen_use_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Screen use (<18) Underage participants were asked several questions regarding the use of electronic devices. Besides the questions in the general assessments, a large number of questions on screen used were excluded in the additional questionnaire Blue Light (BLUQ). Related sections are Hobbies & activities >(<18) and Physical activity (<18).

secondary_linked_variables

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-22T11:42:33+00:00

Secondary & linked variables This section contains two types of data: * Secondary variables, i.e. variables derived (typically by coding or calculation) from primary variables collected directly from Lifelines participants. * Linked variables, i.e. that were not collected by Lifelines but are obtained from another data source and linked to Lifelines participants (typically via postal codes).

sections

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sections Lifelines variables are organized per theme in 13 main sections and ~230 subsections. The 13 sections are: * Children & adolescents * Demographics * Diseases & Symptoms * Elderly (variables that were specifically collected in participants aged 65+ years old) * Family health * Lifestyle & environment * Medical treatment * Mental health * Nutrition * Physical state * Reproduction & development *

secure_flourish_index_sfi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Secure Flourish Index (SFI) The Secure Flourish Index (SFI) measures six domains of well-being: 1) happiness and life satisfaction, 2) mental and physical health, 3) meaning and purpose, 4) character and virtue, 5) close social relationships, and 6) financial and material stability.

sedentary_behavior_msq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sedentary behavior (MSQ) Lifelines assessed the amount of time adult participants spend sitting down (section: lifestyle & environment) using the Marshall Sitting Questionnaire. Note that sedentary behavior in underage participants was assessed with 1 question (see physical activity (general)). Questions English

self-assessment_intermed

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-25T09:20:54+00:00

Self-assessment (Intermed) The Self-Assessment Questionnaire of INTERMED (IM-SA) is an instrument to identify individual (complex) health care needs. This instrument assesses biopsychosocial complexity, health care needs and barriers to receive standard care.

self-management_smas

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Self-Management (SMAS) The Self-Management Ability Scale (SMAS-30) is an instrument aimed to measure the self-management skills of elderly people (section: wellbeing & subjective health). In Lifelines, the scale was used to assess self-management skills of all adult participants. Background

self-regulation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Self-regulation The ability and motivation of adult participants to regulate their own health and health-related habits was assessed in the context of an additional assessment on self-motoring, MYST. The following variables were collected: Questions English Questions Dutch

sex_gender

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sex & gender Lifelines repeatedly asked participants about their biological sex (it is, in fact, a default question in most questionnaires) (section: demographics). More recently, participants were asked to provide information about their (psychological/non-binary) gender. In addition, a

shiftwork

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Shiftwork The following variables on nighttime screen use (section: lifestyle & environment) were collected in the context of an additional questionnaire on Shiftwork and Screen use (SHIQ). 1 item was assessed in an additional questionnaire on menopause and work (MAWQ). Questions English

shiq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Shiftwork (SHIQ) Shiftwork is the name of an additional questionnaire, which was an initiative from the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Using SHIQ, health effects of chronic circadian disturbance due to shift work or evening blue light exposure in adults are studied via self-reported questionnaire data and biological measurements. Self-reported data can be linked to the period where biological samples were collected in

skin_autofluorescence

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Skin Autofluorescence Skin autofluorescence (SAF) (section: physical state) was measured in adult Lifelines participants during 1A Visit 1 (n = ~84.000, n = ~76,000 after rigorous quality control). Background SAF was measured in Lifelines participants using the AGE Reader, a noninvasive instrument to determine the accumulation of

skin_conditions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T15:57:46+00:00

Skin conditions AdultLifelines participants were asked whether they suffered from skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis (section: Diseases & symptoms). Note questions on skin conditions were also a relatively large part of the additional questionnaire SKIQ (see below). Note that Lifelines also assessed general

skin_problems_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Skin problems (<18) Adolescents and the parents of underage participants were asked several questions whether they suffered from skind conditions such as acne, eczema, fungal infections and warts(section: Children & adolescents). The ISAAC questionnaire is developed for the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. It consists of 11 items on symptoms of

skin_qskin

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Skin (QSKIN) The QSKIN questionnaire was developed by QIMR Berghofer, a medical research institute in Queensland, Australia, with the aim to study the genetics of skin cancer. Lifelines implemented this questionnaire to assess the general characteristics of participants' skin (

skiq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Skin Conditions (SKIQ) The Skin Conditions questionnaire is an additional assessment among adult Lifelines participants. The digital questionnaire was developed at the initiative of the UMCG Department of Dermatology (NL). With the aim of the questionnaire being to gain more insight into hidradentitis supperativa and eczema in the general population.

sleep_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sleep (<18) Adolescents and the parents of underage participants were asked several questions regarding sleeping patterns, problems, and habits (section: Children & adolescents). Note that sleep for underage participants is also assessed within Lifelines using the Chronotype (CCTQ), PSQI, and CSRQ. For adults, sleep is assessed with

sleep_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sleep (general) Adult Lifelines participants were asked several questions regarding sleeping patterns, problems, and habits (section: lifestyle & environment). Note that sleep (for adult participants) was also assessed within Lifelines using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and participants were asked whether they suffered from

sleep_indices_psqi_mctq_ess

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sleep indices (PSQI, MTCQ, ESS) During follow-up questionnaire 1B adult Lifelines participants completed questionnaires from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Researchers from Erasmus MC used these questions to calculate the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). This syntax has been checked by Lifelines and some bugs have been removed (

sleep_quality_psqi_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sleep quality (PSQI <18) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for children (section: Children & Adolescents) was performed in the context of an additional questionnaire on screen use and sleep quality (BLUQ). Note that information derived from the Chronotype (CCTQ) performed in the context of BLUQ can be used to replace the first three items from the PSQI.

sleep_quality_psqi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-11T13:59:37+00:00

Sleep quality (PSQI) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality of adult Lifelines participants (section: Lifestyle & environment). Note that the first 3 variables from the official PSQI were omitted here, because the same information could be derived from the Munich Chronotype Questionnnaire (

sleep_reduction_csrq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Sleep reduction (CSRQ) In an additional assessment on blue light exposure and sleep quality in underage participants (BLUQ), the ‘loss of energy’ and ‘sleepiness’ scales of the Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire (section: Children & adolescents) were used to assess sleep loss

sleepiness_ess

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T14:20:08+00:00

Sleepiness (ESS) The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a scale intended to measure daytime sleepiness by use of a very short questionnaire (section: Lifestyle & environment). This can be helpful in diagnosing sleep disorders. Lifelines used the ESS to assess sleepiness in adults during follow-up questionnaire

smoking_derivatives_v2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-26T10:43:40+00:00

Updated smoking derivatives Adult Lifelines participants were asked whether they (had) smoked any tobacco. Using the self-reported data from 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, and (partially) 3A, researchers from the UMCG Department of Epidemiology calculated various derivative variables for smoking behavior (sections: lifestyle & environment (Smoking & tobacco use) and secondary & linked variables).

smoking_derivatives

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Smoking derivatives Adult Lifelines participants were asked whether they (had) smoked any tobacco. Using the raw self-reported data from 1A questionnaire 1, researchers from the UMCG Department of Epidemiology calculated various derivative variables for smoking behavior (sections: lifestyle & environment and secondary & linked variables). These derivative variables can be requested from Lifelines (data@lifelines.nl) or requested in the Lifelines catalogue.

smoking_tobacco_use

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T14:22:50+00:00

Smoking and tobacco use Participants were asked whether they (had) smoked any tobacco (section: lifestyle & environment). The raw data from 1A was used to calculate various derivate scores, including pack years. Additionally updated derivate scores are available which include more time points. Note that variables assessing the smoking behavior of adult female participants during pregnancy are listed

social_behaviour_asbq_csbq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Social Behaviour (ASBQ/CSBQ) In ADHQ, two questionnaires on social behavior associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD, in adults) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD, in children) were implemented in the Lifelines cohort (section: mental health). Note that ASD was also assessed in adult Lifelines participants using the AQ-10 instrument, in the context of another

social_functioning_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Social functioning (Covid-19) Social functioning during the 2020 Corona pandemic (and associated social distancing and lockdown) was assessed in the context of an additional assessment: COVQ (section: mental health). The following variables were assessed: Questions English

social_functioning_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-26T13:43:19+00:00

Social functioning (general) Participants were asked the following questions about their social functioning (section: mental health). Note that social functioning was also assessed using the SPF-IL, PROMIS, and ASBQ/CSBQ instruments. Some additional information regarding the social functioning of participants can be derived from their self-reported

social_functioning_promis_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Social functioning (PROMIS <18) (Parents of) underage Lifelines participants received the 10/8-item PROMIS short forms on social roles and fatigue in assessment 2A and 3A. Please note that the PROMIS-29 was used for adult participants, see General health (PROMIS). Variables Social functioning children

social_functioning_spf-il

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T10:06:36+00:00

Social functioning (SPF-IL) The Social Production Function Instrument for the Level of well-being, short version [SPF-IL(s)] measures overall well-being via self-report (sections: wellbeing & subjective health and mental health). The SPF-IL is being used in research as a marker for quality of life (together with the

social_value_orientation_svo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Social Value Orientation (SVO) The Social Value Orientation (SVO) scale is designed to measure the magnitude of individuals’ general concern for others, section: Lifestyle & environment. The SVO was implemented in Lifelines in the context of an additional assessment: BIGQ. Variables General questions Label English

speq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Speech, Language, and Music (SPEQ) The Speech. Language and Music questionnaire is an additional questionnaire among adult Lifelines participants. The digital questionnaire was developed at the initiative of Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. With the aim to study the genetic underpinnings of speaking, listening, reading and making music, the relations between these skills, and their effect on wellbeing and mental health in adults.

spirometry_validation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Spirometry validation and reference values Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen performed a validation of the Pulmonary Function Test from participants at 1A visit 1 and 2A visit 1. Additionally, reference values have been developed. (sections: physical state (Pulmonary Function Test) and secondary & linked variables). The spirometry variables can be requested in the Lifelines catalogue. Validation

sport_coding

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-11T13:41:03+00:00

Sport coding In the Lifelines study, participants have been asked to specify the sports they engage in (children and adolescents and adults). These self-reported sports were processed using a standardized coding framework at Statistics Netherlands (CBS), resulting in coding of the written sports. (sections: Children & adolescents (Physical activity <18), Lifestyle & environment (

squash_sum_scores

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

SQUASH (sum scores) Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen used the raw data from the SQUASH instrument in 1A Questionnaire 2 to calculate the sum scores for physical activity per activity type and overall for all adult participants who sufficiently filled in the questionnaire (sections: lifestyle & environment and secondary & linked variables).

start

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-24T10:22:57+00:00

Lifelines Cohort and Biobank Lifelines collects, manages and shares longitudinal data and biosamples from thousands of individuals in the knowledge that the answers to a long and healthy life are hidden in our collection, ready to be discovered. Our cohort is large, diverse and constantly growing.

stress_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Stress (<18) Adolescents and parents of underage participants were asked whether they/their children suffered from stress (section: Children & adolescents). Note that stress is also assessed for Lifelines adults using the validated List of Threatening Experiences and Long-term Difficulties Inventory. Variables Stress children Label English

stress_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Stress (general) PAGE UNDER CONSTRUCTION (section: mental health). Note that stress is also assessed in Lifelines using the validated List of Threatening Experiences and Long-term Difficulties Inventory.

stress_ldi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:43:07+00:00

Long-term Difficulties Inventory (LDI) The Long-term Difficulties Inventory (LDI) is a self-report questionnaire to measure long-term difficulties (section: mental health). It consists of 12 items referring to aspects of life, including housing, work, social relationships, free time, finances, health, school/study, and religion.

stress_lte

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T09:54:54+00:00

List of Threatening Experiences (LTE) The List of Threatening Experiences (LTE) is an instrument developed by Traolach Brugha and measures the occurrence of 12 major categories of stressful life events via self-report (section: mental health). The 12 major categories of stressful life events were selected for their established long-term consequences.

stress_sum_scores

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Stress sum scores (LDI, LTE) Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen validated and created sum scores for questionnaire data on past-year stress exposure. More specifically the Long-term Difficulties Inventory (LDI) and List of Threatening Experiences (LTE) for adult participants at 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, and 3A. (sections: mental health (LDI, LTE) and secondary & linked variables) The stress sum scores can be requested in the

subjective_health_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Subjective health (<18) Parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked how they experienced the health of their children at general assessments 1A, 2A, and 3A (section: Children & adolescents). Additionally, several questions were asked in the context of an additional questionnaire on ADHD (ADHQ). Variables Subjective health children

subjective_health_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Subjective health (general) Lifelines participants were asked how they experienced their own health (section: wellbeing & subjective health). Parents of underage participants were asked how they experienced the health of their children. Note that subjective health was also assessed in Lifelines using the

surgery_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Surgery (<18) Parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked the about the surgeries of their children at general assessment 1A (section: Children & adolescents). Variables Label English

surgery

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Surgery Lifelines participants were asked about any surgeries they have had (section: medical treatment). Several questions were asked in the context of an additional questionnaire on female reproductive health (ROAQ). Note that questions regarding gynecological surgery are listed separately under (section: reproduction & development). Questions English

symptoms_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Symptoms (Covid-19) Lifelines assessed the presence and severity of various symptoms in adult participants during the 2020 corona crisis, in the context of an additional questionnaire: COVQ (section: diseases & symptoms). Note that the SCL-90 is part of this questionnaire. Questions English

symptoms_scl-90

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-30T13:42:19+00:00

Symptoms Checklist SCL-90 Symptoms experienced by Lifelines participants were assessed using the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), a multidimensional self-report instrument (section: Diseases & symptoms) that was found to be suitable for use in large-scale studies including elderly people. Note that the assessment of symptoms in specific medical fields are listed in the associated subsections (see

synchron_urine_aliquoting_robot

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

The aliquoting process is executed at a temperature of 4ºC in a unit. Synchron Pipetting Robots Synchron is a supplier of innovative multi-tipped robotic XYZ liquid handling systems and robot friendly functional modules for Laboratory Automation. Xperimate is a modular robotic pipetting platform, combining flexible liquid handling with robotic manipulation of devices. With all functionality, including the pumps, housed in the arm, Xperimate design simplifies both system integration and stand-…

teeth

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Teeth Lifelines participants were asked the following questions about the state of their teeth (section: physical state). Note that Lifelines also assessed oral cavity conditions. Questions English Questions Dutch

timed_overnight_urine_analyses

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

As 24 hour urine sample

trauma_screening_tsq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Trauma Screening (TSQ) Questions English Questions Dutch

treatment_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Treatment (general) Lifelines participants were asked about the medical treatments they underwent in their lifetime, in addition to hospitalization, surgery, and medication (section: medical treatment). In the context of the additional assessments DEPQ and DEAQ, the LIDAS was sent to a subgroup of participants to collect information on depression and anxiety, among which treatment for mental disorders. Part of thse variables have been included in the

ugli

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-07T14:32:27+00:00

UGLI UGLI is one of Lifelines' additional assessments. UGLI is the abbreviation for UMCG Genetics Lifelines Initiative. UGLI aims at facilitating and accelerating genetic data generation and data analysis and thereby scientific output through using the Lifelines genomics data. Background

unfixable_variables

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Unfixable variables Seldomly, we find variables that contain mistakes or inconsistencies. Most of the time these mistakes or inconsistencies will be corrected. However, it is possible that some of them can either not be corrected, or that correcting them now results in more negative than positive outcomes. Below is a list of variables we have found to contain mistakes or inconsistencies, but we are unable to be correct.

upf_categorization

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Ultra-processed food categorization according to the NOVA classification Researchers from the University Medical Center Groningen developed the Ultra-processed food (UPF) categorization for adults according to the NOVA classification using the Food Frequency Questionnaire Sum scores from the heart of the FFQ flower (1A Questionnaire 2). (sections:

upper_extremities_uefs

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Upper extremities (UEFS) The Upper Extremity Functional Scale is an instrument to assess functional limitations due to pain in the upper extremities (section: diseases & symptoms). Questions English

urine_analyses

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Urine Sample Analyses The following variables were assessed in fresh urine samples collected from Lifelines participants during 1A Visit 2, 2A Visit 2 and 3A Visit 2 (section: physical state). Assessments were performed at the laboratory center of the University Medical Center Groningen that is certified according to NEN-EN-ISO 9001:2008 and NEN-EN-ISO 15189:2012 standards.

urine_samples_storage

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Urine sample storage The urine samples are stored in the HAMILTON BIOS at Eemspoort Groningen

urine_samples

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Urine Samples Participants were instructed to collect their urine on the day before their blood was due to be drawn as this provides the possibility to correlate the results between the blood- and urine diagnostic tests. To facilitate urine collection each participant is provided with a

vaccination_18

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Vaccination (<18) Parents of underage Lifelines participants were asked about the vaccinations of their children at general assessment 1A (section: Children & adolescents). Several questions on vaccination have been included in the context of additional questionnaire NEXT. Variables The following variables were collected:

vaccination_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Vaccination (Covid-19) Lifelines assessed the attitude towards, and the presence and severity of side-effects in response to, the various covid-19 vaccinations in adult participants during the 2020-2021 corona pandemic, in the context of an additional questionnaire: COVQ (section: medical treatment). Questions English

vaccination

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Vaccination Lifelines adult participants were asked several questions about their vaccinations during the third assessment (section: medical treatment). In the context of an additional assessment, COVQ, adult participants were asked about the vaccinations they had as a child and as an adult. Questions English

values_beliefs_priorities

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Values, beliefs, priorities Adult and elderly participants were asked the following questions regarding their values, beliefs, and priorities (section: lifestyle & environment): In addition, in the context of additional assessment: BIGQ and AUTQ, questions on values, beliefs, and priorities were also asked (see below).

vesp

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Vesper (VESP) Vesper is one of Lifelines' additional assessments. This assessment is a collaboration between Lifelines and the Radboudumc centre of expertise on late effects of childhood cancer (SKION LATER), in association with the UMCG department of reproductive medicine. The goal of the assessment is to quantify male fertility in the general population using a fertility questionnaire,

volunteer_functions_inventory_vfi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) is a measurement instrument aimed at assessing the motives to volunteer (section: lifestyle & environment). A subcohort of adult participants filled in the (VFI) in the context of an additional questionnaire on daily activities and leisure activities (ACTQ). Background The VFI is the most widely used instrument for assessing volunteer motivations because of its theoretically sound basis as well as its good psychomet…

volunteer_work_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-07-22T07:17:54+00:00

Volunteer work (general) Participants were asked whether they were active as a volunteer (section: lifestyle & environment). Note that a subcohort of participants answered many more detailed questions about volunteer work in an additional questionnaire, ACTQ. Also note that volunteer work (in this context) does not include informal care (i.e. the unpaid care of a loved one), this topic is covered

wellbeing_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Wellbeing (Covid-19) The wellbeing of Lifelines participants during the 2020 Corona crisis was assessed in the context of an additional assessment: COVQ (section: Wellbeing & subjective health). The following variables were collected: Questions English

wellbeing_subjective_health

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Wellbeing & subjective health In this section, all variables assessing the wellbeing and subjective health of Lifelines participants are organized under the following subsections: * Independence (also under: Elderly) * Postnatal wellbeing (also under: Reproduction & development) * Emotional affect (PANAS) (also under: Mental health) * Quality of Life (RAND) * Quality of Life (EQ5D) * Quality of Life (HHIA) - related to hearing loss

work_ability_wai

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Work ability (WAI) The Work Ability Index (WAI) is an instrument used in occupational health care and research to assess work ability of workers during health examinations and workplace surveys (section: wellbeing & subjective health). The full WAI consists of 7 items, 4 of those were implemented in Lifelines.

work_absence

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Work absence Absence from work was assessed in adult Lifelines participants (section: wellbeing & subjective health). Questions English

work_income_covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Work & income (Covid-19) The changes in employment and household finances of Lifelines participants during the 2020 corona crisis (compared to the situation before the crisis) were monitored in the context of additional assessment COVQ (section: demographics). The following variables were collected:

work_productivity_and_activity_impairment_wpai

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) The WPAI is a 6-item questionnaire that was created as a patient-reported quantitative assessment of the amount of absenteeism, presenteeism and daily activity impairment attributable to general health (section:

work_psychology_general

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Work Psychology (general) Adult Lifelines participants were asked several questions regarding well-being in the workplace (section: wellbeing & subjective health). Aside from the general questions listed below, other aspects of work psychology were assessed using the COPSOQ, the WRFQ, the Work Ability Index and the SWING. Occupational history en

work_role_functioning_wrfq

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Work role functioning (WRFQ) The Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WFRQ) measures the ability of the worker to meet a range of job demands for the twenty-first century given a particular state of health (section: wellbeing & subjective health) . Note that wellbeing at work is also assessed in

work-home_interaction_swing

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Work-home interaction (SWING) The Survey Work-home Interaction Nijmegen (SWING) is an instrument to assess wellbeing in the context of work-home balance (section: wellbeing & subjective health). It was implemented by Lifelines in the additional assessment NEXT. Note that Lifelines also assessed wellbeing and the impact of health at work using several instruments (

workday_recovery_vbba

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Workday recovery (VBBA) The questionnaire Experience and Evaluation of Work (Beleving en Beoordeling van de Arbeid (VBBA)) is a reliable instrument to study employee satisfaction, involvement, motivation, work climate, organisation, psychosocial workload, and mental health (

youth_self_report_ysr

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T13:49:34+00:00

Youth Self Report (YSR) The Youth Self Report is the self-report version of the Child Behavior Checklist (section: Children & adolescents). Lifelines implemented the YSR for children aged 13-17 years old at general assessments 1A, 2A, and 3A. Several questions from the YSR were asked in the context of an additional questionnaire on ADHD. Variables