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====== Sleep quality (PSQI) ======

The [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Sleep_Quality_Index|Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index]] was used to assess sleep quality of adult [[cohort|Lifelines]] participants ([[sections|section]]: [[Lifestyle & environment]]).\\
Note that the first 3 variables from the official PSQI were omitted here, because the same information could be derived from the Munich Chronotype Questionnnaire ([[Chronotype (MCTQ|MCTQ]]) also included in assessment [[1B]].\\
Other sleep-related data were collected using the [[Sleepiness (ESS)|Epworth Sleepiness Scale]], the [[Chronotype (CSM)|Composite Score of Morningness]] and the [[Sleep reduction (CSRQ)|Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire]] (CSRQ only for children). \\
Several [[Sleep indices (PSQI, MCTQ, ESS)|sum scores]] on sleep behaviours are available for use. \\
Note that the PSQI for children was also performed in the context of an additional questionnaire on screen use and sleep quality ([[BLUQ]]). 
 

| **Questions English**                                                                                                                                | **Questions Dutch**                                                                                                                                           | **Code**                       | **Variable**  | **Assessment**  | **Age**  |
| in the past month, on average how many hours of sleep did you get per night? (this number may differ from the number of hours you spent in bed.)     | aan hoeveel uren slaap kwam u gemiddeld per nacht tijdens de afgelopen maand? (dit aantal kan verschillen van het aantal dat u in bed doorbracht)             | psqi_hours_adu_q_04            | sleep4        | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you could not fall asleep within 30 minutes?                                   | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u niet in slaap kon vallen binnen 30 minuten?                                         | psqi_fallingasleep_adu_q_05_a  | sleep5a       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you woke up at night or early in the morning?                                  | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u 's nachts of in de vroege morgen wakker werd?                                       | psqi_wakingup_adu_q_05_b       | sleep5b       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you had to go to the toilet?                                                   | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u naar het toilet moest gaan?                                                         | psqi_bathroom_adu_q_05_c       | sleep5c       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you could not breathe easily?                                                  | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u niet makkelijk kon ademhalen?                                                       | psqi_breathing_adu_q_05_d      | sleep5d       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you coughed or snored loudly?                                                  | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u luid hoestte of snurkte?                                                            | psqi_snoring_adu_q_05_e        | sleep5e       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you were too cold?                                                             | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u het te koud had?                                                                    | psqi_toocold_adu_q_05_f        | sleep5f       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you were too warm?                                                             | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u het te warm had?                                                                    | psqi_toowarm_adu_q_05_g        | sleep5g       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you had nightmares?                                                            | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u nachtmerries had?                                                                   | psqi_nightmares_adu_q_05_h     | sleep5h       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because you were in pain?                                                              | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u pijn had?                                                                           | psqi_pain_adu_q_05_i           | sleep5i       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty sleeping because of (an)other reason(s)?                                                        | hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u (een) andere reden(en) had?                                                         | psqi_otherproblem_adu_q_05_j   | sleep5j       | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| if you have had difficulty sleeping in the past month because of another reason, what reason?                                                        | omschrijf reden: / hoe vaak had u tijdens de voorbije maand moeilijkheden met slapen omdat u (een) andere reden(en) had?                                      | psqi_specification_adu_q_05_k  | sleep5jtxt    | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| how would you rate your overall sleep quality during the past month?                                                                                 | hoe zou u uw globale slaapkwaliteit tijdens de afgelopen maand beoordelen?                                                                                    | psqi_quality_adu_q_06          | sleep6        | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you take medication (with or without a doctor's prescription) to help you sleep?                                    | hoe vaak nam u gedurende de afgelopen maand medicijnen in (al dan niet voorgeschreven) als hulp bij het slapen?                                               | psqi_medication_adu_q_07       | sleep7        | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| in the past month, how often did you have difficulty staying awake during various activities, such as eating or participating in social activities?  | hoe vaak had u het de voorbije maand moeilijk om wakker te blijven tijdens verschillende bezigheden, zoals eten of deelname aan sociale activiteiten?         | psqi_stayawake_adu_q_08        | sleep8        | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| to what extent did you have trouble carrying out your daily activities with enough enthusiasm in the past month?                                     | in welke mate was het de afgelopen maand voor u een probleem om met voldoende enthousiasme uw dagelijkse activiteiten uit te voeren?                          | psqi_enthusiasm_adu_q_09       | sleep9        | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| snored loudly / if you have a roommate or bed partner, ask him/her how often in the past month during your sleep you:                                | luid snurkte / indien u een kamergenoot of bedpartner heeft, vraag hem/haar hoe vaak u tijdens de afgelopen maand tijdens uw slaap:                           | psqi_bedpartner_adu_q_10_a     | sleep10a      | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| had long pauses in breathing / if you have a roommate or bed partner, ask him/her how often in the past month during your sleep you:                 | lange adempauzes had / indien u een kamergenoot of bedpartner heeft, vraag hem/haar hoe vaak u tijdens de afgelopen maand tijdens uw slaap:                   | psqi_bedpartner_adu_q_10_b     | sleep10b      | [[1B]] [[3B]]   |          |
| had twitching or kicking legs / if you have a roommate or bed partner, ask him/her how often in the past month during your sleep you:                | trekkende of schoppende benen had / indien u een kamergenoot of bedpartner heeft, vraag hem/haar hoe vaak u tijdens de afgelopen maand tijdens uw slaap:      | psqi_bedpartner_adu_q_10_c     | sleep10c      | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| had periods of confusion / if you have a roommate or bed partner, ask him/her how often in the past month during your sleep you:                     | periodes van verwardheid had / indien u een kamergenoot of bedpartner heeft, vraag hem/haar hoe vaak u tijdens de afgelopen maand tijdens uw slaap:           | psqi_bedpartner_adu_q_10_d     | sleep10d      | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| had another type of restlessness / if you have a roommate or bed partner, ask him/her how often in the past month during your sleep you:             | een andere rusteloosheid had / indien u een kamergenoot of bedpartner heeft, vraag hem/haar hoe vaak u tijdens de afgelopen maand tijdens uw slaap:           | psqi_bedpartner_adu_q_10_e     | sleep10e      | [[1B]] [[3B]]   | 18+      |
| description of other type of restlessness / if you have a roommate or bed partner, ask him/her how often in the past month during your sleep you:    | omschrijving van andere rusteloosheid / indien u een kamergenoot of bedpartner heeft, vraag hem/haar hoe vaak u tijdens de afgelopen maand tijdens uw slaap:  | psqi_bedpartner_adu_q_10_e1    | sleep10etxt   | [[1B]]          | 18+      |
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