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====== Educational Attainment ======

An educational attainment score (educational_attainment_adu_c_1	or EA) of 'low', 'middle' or 'high' was calculated for all adult [[cohort|Lifelines]] participants who provided an answer to the [[education|highest obtained degree]] questions in [[1A Questionnaire 1]] and [[2A Questionnaire 1]] (i.e. variables degree_highest_adu_q_1/_a or EDUCATION & EDUCOTHER) ([[sections|section]]: [[secondary & linked variables]]).\\ The coding procedures are described below.

===== Step 1 =====
Participants who provided one of the pre-defined answers were recoded as follows:

^ Table 1: Predefined answers to degree_highest_adu_q_1 (EDUCATION)                                                ^ English translation                                                                                                        ^ EA Score    ^
| 1 = geen opleiding (lager onderwijs niet afgemaakt)                                                              | no education (did not finish primary school)                                                                               | low         |
| 2 = lager onderwijs (basisonderwijs, speciaal basisonderwijs)                                                    | primary education (primary school, special needs primary school)                                                           | low         |
| 3 = lager of voorbereidend beroepsonderwijs (zoals lts, leao, lhno, vmbo)                                        | lower or preparatory secondary vocational education (such as lts, leao, lhno, vmbo)l                                       | low         |
| 4 = middelbaar algemeen voortgezet onderwijs (zoals mavo, (m)ulo, mb)-kort, vmbo-t)                              | junior general secondary education (such as mavo, (m)ulo, mbo-short, vmbo-t)                                               | low         |
| 5 = middelbaar beroepsonderwijs of beroepsbegeleidend onderwijs (zoals mbo-lang, mts, meao, bol, bbl, inas)      | secondary vocational education or work-based learning pathway (such as mbo-long, mts, meao, bol, bbl, inas)                | middle      |
| 6 = hoger algemeen en voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs (zoals havo, vwo, atheneum, gymnasium, hbs, mms)  | senior general secondary education, pre-university secondary education (such as havo, vwo, atheneum, gymnasium, hbs, mms)  | middle      |
| 7 = hoger beroepsonderwijs (zoals hbo, hts, heao, kandidaats wetenschappelijk onderwijs)                         | higher vocational education (such as hbo, hts, heao, 'kandidaats' university education (e.g. bachelor)                     | high        |
| 8 = wetenschappelijk onderwijs (universiteit)                                                                    | university education                                                                                                       | high        |
| 9 = anders, nl.                                                                                                  | other:                                                                                                                     | see step 2  |

===== Step 2 =====
Participants who chose answer 9 ('other', n = ~4,300) were scored according to the specifications they provided in degree_highest_adu_q_1_a (EDUCOTHER).\\ These specifications were manually checked for certain educational terms, which could fall into one of three groups:
  - educational terms with only one possible interpretation (table 2)
  - educational terms with two possible interpretations (table 3)
  - educational terms with no (or too many) possible interpretations (table 4)


^ Table 2: Educational term with one possible interpretation                                                     ^ EA score  ^
| 1E GRAAD DOCENT                                                                           | High      |
| 2E GRAAD DOCENT                                                                           | High      |
| 3 JAAR HBS                                                                                | Low       |
| ASSISTENT HOVENIER/VERZORGENDE/VOEDING                                                    | Low       |
| BACHELOR HBO                                                                              | High      |
| BACHELOR UNIVERSITEIT                                                                     | High      |
| BEJAARDENVERZORGING                                                                       | Middle    |
| BIJZONDER ONDERWIJS                                                                       | Low       |
| CHAUFFEURSOPLEIDING                                                                       | Low       |
| CONSERVATORIUM                                                                            | High      |
| COUPEUSE, NAAISTER, KOSTUUMNAAISTER                                                       | Low       |
| GEPROMOVEERD                                                                              | High     |
| GEZINSVERZORGING                                                                          | Middle    |
| HBO                                                                                       | High      |
| HBO+                                                                                      | High     |
| HBO + MASTER                                                                              | High      |
| HBO-PROPEDEUSE                                                                            | Middle    |
| HELPENDE                                                                                  | Low       |
| HUISHOUDSCHOOL                                                                            | Low       |
| IHNO                                                                                      | Low       |
| IN SERVICE OPLEIDING VERPLEEGKUNDE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, ZONDER SPECIALISATIE)  | Middle    |
| INAS                                                                                      | Middle    |
| INTAS                                                                                     | Middle    |
| ITO                                                                                       | Low       |
| IVBO                                                                                      | Low       |
| KAPPERSOPLEIDING                                                                          | Low       |
| KAPPERSOPLEIDING VIER JAAR                                                                | Middle    |
| KAPPERSVAKSCHOOL                                                                          | Middle    |
| KLEUTERKWEEKSCHOOL                                                                        | Middle    |
| KLOS                                                                                      | Middle    |
| K-MBO                                                                                     | Low       |
| KORT MBO                                                                                  | Low       |
| KRAAMVERZORGING                                                                           | Middle    |
| KUNSTACADEMIE                                                                             | High      |
| KVJV                                                                                      | Middle    |
| LAGERE LANDBOUWSCHOOL                                                                     | Low       |
| LAGERE SCHOOL                                                                             | Low       |
| LANDBOUW-HUISHOUDSCHOOL                                                                   | Low       |
| LBO                                                                                       | Low       |
| LEAO                                                                                      | Low      |
| LHNO                                                                                      | Low       |
| LTS                                                                                       | Low       |
| MASTER                                                                                    | High      |
| MAVO                                                                                      | Low       |
| MBO+ or MBO++                                                                             | Middle    |
| MBO-1                                                                                     | Low       |
| MBO-2                                                                                     | Low       |
| MBO-3                                                                                     | Middle    |
| MBO-4                                                                                     | Middle    |
| MBO-kort                                                                                  | Low       |
| MBO-lang                                                                                  | Middle    |
| MHNO                                                                                      | Middle    |
| MLK                                                                                       | Low       |
| MMS                                                                                       | Middle    |
| MULO                                                                                      | Low       |
| OPLEIDING TOT KLEUTERLEIDSTER                                                             | Middle    |
| PABO                                                                                      | High      |
| PHD                                                                                       | High      |
| POST-ACADEMISCH                                                                           | High      |
| POST-DOCTORAAL                                                                            | High      |
| POST-HBO                                                                                  | High      |
| PRAKTIJKONDERWIJS                                                                         | Low       |
| SPECIAAL ONDERWIJS                                                                        | Low       |
| SPW NIVEAU 3 OR 4                                                                         | Middle    |
| ULO                                                                                       | Low       |
| VAPRO A                                                                                   | Low       |
| VAPRO B OR C                                                                              | Middle    |
| VBO                                                                                       | Low       |
| VERPLEEGKUNDIGE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, ZONDER SPECIALISATIE)                     | Middle    |
| VGLO                                                                                      | Low       |
| VHBO                                                                                      | Low       |
| VMBO                                                                                      | Low       |
| VOORTGEZET SPECIAAL ONDERWIJS                                                             | Low       |
| VORMINGSKLAS                                                                              | Low       |
| ZMLK                                                                                      | Low       | 

^ Table 3: Educational term with two possible interpretations                                                     ^ low  ^ middle  ^ high  ^
| ASSOCIATE DEGREE (1)                                                                   |      | x       | x     |
| DIRECTIESECRETARESSE                                                                   | x    | x       |       |
| HOGERE (ZEEVAART / LANDBOUW ETC ) SCHOOL                                               |      | x       | x     |
| IN SERVICE OPLEIDING VERPLEEGKUNDE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, MET SPECIALISATIE)  |      | x       | x     |
| KORT-HBO (1)                                                                           |      | x       | x     |
| KWEEKSCHOOL                                                                            |      | x       | x     |
| LERARENOPLEIDING                                                                       |      | x       | x     |
| MBA (2)                                                                                |      | x       | x     |
| MBO (WITHOUT SPECIFICATION)                                                            | x    | x       |       |
| MDGO (WITHOUT SPECIFICATION) (3)                                                       | x    | x       |       |
| MEAO                                                                                   | x    | x       |       |
| MIDDELBARE (LANDBOUW/TUINBOUW ETC) SCHOOL                                              | x    | x       |       |
| O.V.B. (ORIENTATIE VERZORGENDE BEROEPEN)                                               | x    | x       |       |
| SECRETARESSE                                                                           | x    | x       |       |
| VERPLEEGKUNDIGE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, MET SPECIALISATIE)                     |      | x       | x     |
| WO-PROPEDEUSE (4)                                                                      |      | x       | x     |

  * (1) new degree issued by HBO (EA=high) but at level of MBO+ (EA=middle)
  * (2) refers to either moderne bedrijfsadministratie (EA=middle) or master of business administration (EA=high)
  * (3) exception: MDGO-AW and MDGO-VZ-LANG can be interpreted as (EA=middle)
  * (4) WO entry requires having completed either VWO (EA=middle) or HBO (EA=high)

^ **Table 4: educational terms with no possible EA score**              ^ EA Score  ^
| AVONDSCHOOL               | NA        |
| BEROEPSOPLEIDING          | NA        |
| BEROEPSCURSUS             | NA        |
| DETAILHANDELSCHOOL        | NA        |
| HANDELSAVONDSCHOOL        | NA        |
| IN SERVICE OPLEIDING      | NA        |
| LANDBOUWSCHOOL            | NA        |
| TUINBOUWSCHOOL            | NA        |
| VAKSCHOOL / VAKOPLEIDING  | NA        |

===== Step 3 =====

Participants with highest degree 'other' were assigned a final EA score based on their full responses according to the following validation rules:

^ If EDUCOTHER:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ^ Then EA =             ^
| … contains no interpretable response                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | NA                    |
| … conveys that participant is currently studying (“nog bezig”, “nog niet af”, “momenteel mee bezig”, “ik zit nu op het VWO”, etc.)                                                                                                                                                              | NA                    |
| … indicates education in foreign country (“HAVO in China”, “opgegroeid in Zwitserland en daar naar school geweest, “lagere school in Turkije”)                                                                                                                                                  | NA                    |
| … indicates performing at a certain level of education without formally achieving this level (“gelijkwaardig aan HBO”, “avondschool op HBO-niveau”)                                                                                                                                             | NA                    |
| … indicates level of education higher than the highest level (“gepromoveerd”, “post-HBO”)                                                                                                                                                                                                       | high                  |
| … mentions a low level of education and conveys that participant did not complete this level (“deelcertificaten”,“niet afgemaakt”, “1 jaar ULO gedaan”)                                                                                                                                         | low                   |
| … mentions a middle level of education and conveys that participant did not complete this level                                                                                                                                                                                                 | low                   |
| … mentions a high level of education and conveys that participant did not complete this level                                                                                                                                                                                                   | NA                    |
| … contains multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating different levels (“HAVO + HBO”, “Kleuterkweekschool, daarna SPH gehaald”) AND no responses in group 2 (dubious) AND no responses in group 3 (NA) (exception: the word “cursus” without any specification is to be ignored)  | choose highest level  |
| … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=low AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) AND/OR one or more responses in group 3 (NA)                                                                                                                   | NA                    |
| … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=middle AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) pointing to either EA=low or EA=middle AND no responses in group 3 (NA)                                                                                     | middle                |
| … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=middle AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) pointing to either EA=low, EA=middle or EA=high AND/OR one or more responses in group 3 (NA)                                                                | NA                    |
| … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=high AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) AND/OR one or more responses in group 3 (NA)                                                                                                                  | high                  |
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