====== Symptoms Checklist SCL-90 ====== Symptoms experienced by [[start|Lifelines]] participants were assessed using the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom_Checklist_90|Symptom Checklist (SCL-90)]], a multidimensional self-report instrument ([[sections|section]]: [[Diseases & symptoms]]) that was found to be suitable for use in large-scale studies including elderly people((Zijlema, WL et al. (2013) How to assess common somatic symptoms in large-scale studies: A systematic review of questionnaires. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 74(6): 459-468))((van Driel, TJW et al. Assessment of somatization and medically unexplained symptoms in Later Life. Assessment 25(3): 374-393)).\\ Note that the assessment of symptoms in specific medical fields are listed in the associated subsections (see [[Diseases & symptoms|here]] for a list).\\ The SCL-90 for somatic symptoms was also [[Symptoms (Covid-19)|incorporated]] in the [[COVQ|Covid-19 additional questionnaires]]. The full SCL contains the following dimensions: * somatic complaints (12 items) (**see note for item SCL90SOM11**). * anxiety (10 items) * depression (16 items) * agorafobia (7 items) * distrust and interpersonal sensitivity (18 items) * anger/hostility (6 items) * insufficience of thinking and acting (9 items) * sleep problems (3 items) Within the general assessments of Lifelines, only the dimension of **somatic symptoms** was used (in conjunction with symptoms associated with a specific [[diseases & symptoms|medical field]]). This dimension reflects symptoms of the autonome and musculoskeletal systems, which correlate with a general physical feeling of dysfunctioning.\\ The 26 items within the dimensions of **anxiety and depression** were (together with somatic symptoms) assessed in the context of an additional questionnaire, [[EARQ]].\\ ===== Scoring ===== Respondents were asked to what extent they were hampered by 12 different somatic symptoms, 10 different anxiety-related symptoms, and/or 16 depression-related symptoms __in the last 7 days__ on a five point scale, from "not at all" to "extremely". ===== Publications ===== In the following publication, Lifelines SCL-90 data was investigated: * Acevedo-Mesa, A. et al. (2020): Improving the measurement of Functional Somatic Symptoms with item response theory. Assessment 1073191120947153. ===== Variables ===== | **Questions English** | **Questions Dutch** | **Code** | **Variable** | **Assessment** | **Age** | | headache / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | hoofdpijn / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_headache_adu_q_01 | SCL90SOM1 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | dizziness / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | duizeligheid / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_dizziness_adu_q_02 | SCL90SOM2 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | pain in the chest or around the heart / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | pijn in de borst of hartstreek / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_chestpain_adu_q_03 | SCL90SOM3 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | pain in the lower back / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | pijn onder in de rug / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_backpain_adu_q_04 | SCL90SOM4 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | nausea or upset stomach / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | misselijkheid of een maag die van streek is / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_nausea_adu_q_05 | SCL90SOM5 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | painful muscles / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | pijnlijke spieren / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_musclepain_adu_q_06 | SCL90SOM6 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | difficulty breathing / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | moeilijk adem kunnen krijgen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_dyspnea_adu_q_07 | SCL90SOM7 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | feeling alternately hot and cold / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | je soms erg warm, dan weer erg koud voelen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_temperature_adu_q_08 | SCL90SOM8 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | a numb or tingling feeling in some body part / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | een verdoofd of tintelend gevoel ergens in je lichaam / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_numbness_adu_q_09 | SCL90SOM9 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | a lump in your throat / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | een brok in je keel / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_throat_adu_q_10 | SCL90SOM10 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | feeling very weak physically / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | je lichamelijk erg slap voelen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_weakness_adu_q_11_v1 | SCL90SOM11* | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | feeling weak in parts of your body / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | je lichamelijk ergens slap voelen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_weakness_adu_q_11_v2 | SCL90SOM11A | [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | | heavy feeling in arms or legs / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by: | zwaar voelen in armen of benen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door | scl_heavylimbs_adu_q_12 | SCL90SOM12 | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]] | 18+ | *SCL90SOM11 was wrongly translated into Dutch to "fealing very weak in your body". This variable was replaced by the correctly translated SCLSOM11A for assessments [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] and [[NEXT]]. | **Questions English** | **Questions Dutch** | **Variable** | **Assessment** | **Age** | | Nervousness or shakiness inside | Zenuwachtigheid of van binnen trillen | SCL90EQ1 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Unwanted thoughts, words, or ideas that won’t leave your mind | Nare gedachten of ideeën niet kwijt kunnen raken | SCL90EQ2 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Loss of sexual interest or pleasure | Geen seksuele interesse meer hebben of er geen plezier aan beleven | SCL90EQ3 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling low in energy or slowed down | Weinig puf (energie) hebben | SCL90EQ4 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Thoughts of ending your life | Denken om er maar een eind aan te maken | SCL90EQ5 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Trembling | Trillen | SCL90EQ6 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Poor appetite | Weinig eetlust hebben | SCL90EQ7 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Crying easily | Gauw huilen | SCL90EQ8 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling of being trapped or caught | Verstrikt zijn of gevangen voelen | SCL90EQ9 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Suddenly scared for no reason | Zomaar plotseling schrikken of bang worden | SCL90EQ10 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Blaming yourself for things | Jezelf van allerlei dingen de schuld geven | SCL90EQ11 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling lonely | Je eenzaam voelen | SCL90EQ12 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling blue | Het gevoel in de put te zitten | SCL90EQ13 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Worrying too much about things | Te veel over de dingen piekeren | SCL90EQ14 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling no interest in things | Nergens meer belangstelling in hebben | SCL90EQ15 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling fearful | Je bang voelen | SCL90EQ16 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Heart pounding or racing | Hartkloppingen | SCL90EQ17 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Your mind going blank | Een gevoel van leegte | SCL90EQ18 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling hopeless about the future | Je wanhopig over de toekomst voelen | SCL90EQ19 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling tense or keyed up | Je gespannen voelen | SCL90EQ20 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Thoughts of death or dying | Denken aan dood of sterven | SCL90EQ21 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Spells of terror or panic | Aanvallen van angst of paniek | SCL90EQ22 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feeling so restless you couldn’t sit still | Je zo rusteloos voelen dat je niet stil kunt blijven zitten | SCL90EQ23 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Feelings of worthlessness | Gevoelens dat je niets waard bent | SCL90EQ24 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | N/A | Het gevoel dat iets naars je gaat overkomen | SCL90EQ25 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | N/A | Gedachten en bepaalde voorstellingen van angstige aard | SCL90EQ26 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ |