====== Quality of Life (HHIE/A) ======

The Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults - screening version (HHIA-S) and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly - screening version (HHIE-S) are both 10-item self-assessment scales that aim to assess the presence of hearing loss and its impact on the quality of life ([[sections|section]]: [[wellbeing & subjective health]]). They are the shorter versions of the 25-item HHIA and HHIE((Newman, CW et al. (1991) Test-Retest Reliability of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults. Ear and Hearing 12(5); 355-357))((Liechtenstein MJ et al. (1988) Validation of screening tools for identifying hearing-impaired elderly in primary care. JAMA 259(19):2875-2878))\\
Note that quality of life is also assessed in Lifelines using the [[Quality of Life (RAND)|RAND]], [[Quality of Life (EQ5D)|EQ5D]] and [[Life satisfaction (SWLS)|SWLS]] questionnaires.\\
Other ear- and hearing-related problems are assessed with some [[ear conditions|general questions]]. 

===== Scoring =====
The Lifelines HHIA/E questionnaire contains 12 items, which together cover the partly overlapping 10-item screening versions of the HHIA and HHIE. There are 5 fully overlapping emotional items (2a/b/e/i/k) plus 5 partly overlapping age-dependent social/situational items (HHIA: 2d/f/h/j/l; HHIE: 2c/f/g/j/l).\\ 
Participants were asked to indicate if the description in the item was applicable to their life: yes (4 points), no (0 points), or sometimes (2 points). Depending on the age group (adult or elderly), the total score of the 10 HHIA/HHIE items can be interpreted as follows:
  * 0-8 = no self-perceived handicap
  * 10 to 24 = mild to moderate handicap
  * 26 to 40 = severe handicap

Note that one basic question about potential hearing problems (1) was added, to determine if participants should fill in the HHIA/E-S.\\ 

===== Variables =====
| **Questions English**                                                                                          | **Questions Dutch**                                                                             | **Code**                       | **Variable**  | **Assessment**          | **Age**  |
| do you have hearing problems?                                                                                  | hebt u hoorproblemen?                                                                           | hhia_hearingproblems_adu_q_01  | hhias1        | [[2B]] [[3B]] [[ACTQ]]  | 18+      |
| are you embarrassed about your hearing problem when you meet new people?                                       | schaamt u zich vanwege uw hoorprobleem als u nieuwe mensen ontmoet?                             | hhia_shame_adu_q_02_a          | hhias2a       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| do you feel frustrated by your hearing problem when talking to relatives?                                      | voelt u zich door uw hoorprobleem gefrustreerd als u met familieleden praat?                    | hhia_frustration_adu_q_02_b    | hhias2b       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| do you find it difficult to understand other people when they whisper?                                         | hebt u er moeite mee om een ander te verstaan als deze persoon fluistert?                       | hhia_whispers_adu_q_02_c       | hhias2c       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| does your hearing disorder bother you in the cinema or the theatre?                                            | ondervindt u door uw hoorprobleem hinder als u in de bioscoop of het theater bent?              | hhia_theatre_adu_q_02_d        | hhias2d       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| do you feel limited by your hearing problem?                                                                   | voelt u zich beperkt door uw hoorprobleem?                                                      | hhia_limitations_adu_q_02_e    | hhias2e       | [[2B]] [[3B]] [[ACTQ]]  | 18+      |
| when you visit friends, family or neighbours, does your hearing problem make that difficult?                   | als u op bezoek bent bij vrienden, familie of buren, maakt uw hoorprobleem dat dan lastig?      | hhia_socialvisits_adu_q_02_f   | hhias2f       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| do your hearing problems cause you to attend fewer religious meetings than you would like?                     | gaat u door uw hoorprobleem minder vaak naar religieuze bijeenkomsten dan u zou willen?         | hhia_religion_adu_q_02_g       | hhias2g       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| do you find it difficult to hear/understand colleagues, clients or customers because of your hearing problem?  | hebt u door uw hoorprobleem moeite om collega’s, cliënten, of klanten te horen/verstaan?        | hhia_workplace_adu_q_02_h      | hhias2h       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| does your hearing problem ever cause quarrels or rows with family members?                                     | hebt u door uw hoorprobleem wel eens onenigheid of ruzie met familieleden?                      | hhia_fights_adu_q_02_i         | hhias2i       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| does your hearing disorder bother you when listening to the tv or radio?                                       | ondervindt u door uw hoorprobleem hinder bij het luisteren naar de televisie of radio?          | hhia_television_adu_q_02_j     | hhias2j       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |
| do you think that your hearing problem limits your personal or social life?                                    | vindt u dat uw hoorprobleem uw persoonlijke of sociale leven beperkt?                           | hhia_sociallife_adu_q_02_k     | hhias2k       | [[2B]] [[3B]] [[ACTQ]]  | 18+      |
| does your hearing disorder bother you when you are in a restaurant with family or friends?                     | ondervindt u hinder door uw hoorprobleem als u met familie of vrienden in een restaurant bent?  | hhia_restaurant_adu_q_02_l     | hhias2l       | [[2B]] [[3B]]           | 18+      |