====== Language and Music (MUSQ) ======

The Language and Music questionnaire is an [[additional assessments|additional assessment]] among elderly (65+) [[cohort|Lifelines]] participants.\\
The aim of the digital questionnaire was to gain more insight in the role of language use and language switching, and musical training, on cognitive health. The questionnaire was developed at the initiative of the UMCG [[https://bscs.umcg.nl/en/facilities/cognitive-neuroscience-center/|Cognitive Neuroscience Center]] and the University of Groningen's[[https://balab.nl/|Bilingualism and Aging Lab]] (NL).\\
The questionnaire consists of two parts:
  - Part 1 includes questions about language use and switching
  - Part 2 is about musical training and current musical practice. 

===== Protocol & response =====

The digital questionnaire was sent out between December 2019 and April 2020.\\
~20,500 elderly (65+) Lifelines participants received the questionnaire, of which ~11,000 participants (55%) responded.

===== Publications using MUSQ data =====
  * Nijmeijer, SE et al. (2023) [[https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/geronb/gbac185|Musical and multilingual experience are related to healthy aging: Better some than none but even better together]]. J Geront B 78(4): 609–619
  * van den Berg, F et al. (2025). [[https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/80/3/gbae200/7951865|The association between multilingual experience factors and cognitive functioning in older adults: A Lifelines study]]. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 80(3), gbae200

===== Variables =====
 
The following questions were asked about language use and musical training: