====== PANAS ====== The [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_Negative_Affect_Schedule|Positive and Negative Affect Schedule]] (PANAS) is a self-report instrument consisting of two 10-item mood scales to measure positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Positive and negative affect are considered as indicators of [[mental health]] and psychological [[wellbeing & subjective health|wellbeing]]((Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology;47:1063–1070.)).\\ The 10-item PANAS short form was used in follow-up questionnaire [[2B]]((Thompson E.R. (2007) Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 38(2): 227-242)) ===== Background ===== * Positive affect items include: feeling alert, inspired, active, interested, excited, strong, enthusiastic, determined, proud, and attentive. * Negative affect items include: feeling irritable, ashamed, upset, nervous, guilty, scared, hostile, jittery, afraid, and distressed [[start|Lifelines]] participants had to rate the extent to which they had experienced each item during the last four weeks on a 5-point Likert-type scale (not at all, a little, now and then, often or extremely).\\ Note that three additional affect items (angry, resigned, hopeful) were added in an additional questionnaire on [[EARQ|the impact of earthquakes]]. ===== Validity ===== The validity of the PANAS is described in detail in the articles provided in the references((Crawford J.R., Henry J.D. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. (2004) British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, Pt 3, 245-265, The British Psychological Society, England))((Tellegen A., Watson D., Clark L.A. (1999) On the dimensional and hierarchical structure of affect. Psychological Science, 10, 297-303))((Peeters, F. P. M. L., Ponds, R. W. H. M., & Vermeeren, M. T. G. (1996). Affectiviteit en zelfbeoordeling van depressie en angst. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 38, 240-250))((Engelen, U., De Peuter, S., Victoir, A., Van Diest, I., & Van den Bergh, O. (2006). Verdere validering van de PANAS en vergelijking van twee Nederlandstalige versies. Gedrag & Gezondheid, 34(2), 89-102))((Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology;47:1063–1070)) ===== Publications using Lifelines data ===== * Schenk et al. (2018) Associations of Positive Affect and Negative Affect With Allostatic Load: A Lifelines Cohort Study. Psychosomatic Medicine 80(2): 160-166 ===== Variables ===== | **Questions English** | **Questions Dutch** | **Code** | **Variable** | **Assessment** | **Age** | | Indicate the extent you have felt this way over the past 4 weeks. | Wilt u bij elk gevoel aangeven hoe vaak u dat in de afgelopen 4 weken gehad hebt? | | | | | | Interested | Geïnteresseerd | panas_interested_adu_q_01 | PANAS1 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Distressed | Bedroefd | panas_distressed_adu_q_02 | PANAS2 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Excited | Opgewonden | panas_excited_adu_q_03 | PANAS3 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Upset | Overstuur | panas_upset_adu_q_04 | PANAS4 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Strong | Sterk | panas_strong_adu_q_05 | PANAS5 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Guilty | Schuldig | panas_guilty_adu_q_06 | PANAS6 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Scared | Angstig | panas_scared_adu_q_07 | PANAS7 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Hostile | Vijandig | panas_hostile_adu_q_08 | PANAS8 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Enthusiastic | Enthousiast | panas_enthusiastic_adu_q_09 | PANAS9 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Proud | Trots | panas_proud_adu_q_10 | PANAS10 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Irritable | Prikkelbaar | panas_irritable_adu_q_11 | PANAS11 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Alert | Alert | panas_alert_adu_q_12 | PANAS12 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Ashamed | Beschaamd | panas_ashamed_adu_q_13 | PANAS13 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Inspired | Geïnspireerd | panas_inspired_adu_q_14 | PANAS14 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Nervous | Nerveus | panas_nervous_adu_q_15 | PANAS15 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Determined | Vastbesloten | panas_determined_adu_q_16 | PANAS16 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Attentive | Aandachtig | panas_attentive_adu_q_17 | PANAS17 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Jittery | Zenuwachtig | panas_jittery_adu_q_18 | PANAS18 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Active | Actief | panas_active_adu_q_19 | PANAS19 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[2B]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Afraid | Bang | panas_afraid_adu_q_20 | PANAS20 | [[1A Questionnaire 2|1A]] [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Angry | Boos | | EQPANAS21 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Resigned | Gelaten | | EQPANAS22 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ | | Hopeful | Hoopvol | | EQPANAS23 | [[EARQ]] | 18+ |