====== Educational Attainment ====== An educational attainment score (educational_attainment_adu_c_1 or EA) of 'low', 'middle' or 'high' was calculated for all adult [[cohort|Lifelines]] participants who provided an answer to the [[education|highest obtained degree]] questions in [[1A Questionnaire 1]] and [[2A Questionnaire 1]] (i.e. variables degree_highest_adu_q_1/_a or EDUCATION & EDUCOTHER) ([[sections|section]]: [[secondary & linked variables]]).\\ The coding procedures are described below. ===== Step 1 ===== Participants who provided one of the pre-defined answers were recoded as follows: ^ Table 1: Predefined answers to degree_highest_adu_q_1 (EDUCATION) ^ English translation ^ EA Score ^ | 1 = geen opleiding (lager onderwijs niet afgemaakt) | no education (did not finish primary school) | low | | 2 = lager onderwijs (basisonderwijs, speciaal basisonderwijs) | primary education (primary school, special needs primary school) | low | | 3 = lager of voorbereidend beroepsonderwijs (zoals lts, leao, lhno, vmbo) | lower or preparatory secondary vocational education (such as lts, leao, lhno, vmbo)l | low | | 4 = middelbaar algemeen voortgezet onderwijs (zoals mavo, (m)ulo, mb)-kort, vmbo-t) | junior general secondary education (such as mavo, (m)ulo, mbo-short, vmbo-t) | low | | 5 = middelbaar beroepsonderwijs of beroepsbegeleidend onderwijs (zoals mbo-lang, mts, meao, bol, bbl, inas) | secondary vocational education or work-based learning pathway (such as mbo-long, mts, meao, bol, bbl, inas) | middle | | 6 = hoger algemeen en voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs (zoals havo, vwo, atheneum, gymnasium, hbs, mms) | senior general secondary education, pre-university secondary education (such as havo, vwo, atheneum, gymnasium, hbs, mms) | middle | | 7 = hoger beroepsonderwijs (zoals hbo, hts, heao, kandidaats wetenschappelijk onderwijs) | higher vocational education (such as hbo, hts, heao, 'kandidaats' university education (e.g. bachelor) | high | | 8 = wetenschappelijk onderwijs (universiteit) | university education | high | | 9 = anders, nl. | other: | see step 2 | ===== Step 2 ===== Participants who chose answer 9 ('other', n = ~4,300) were scored according to the specifications they provided in degree_highest_adu_q_1_a (EDUCOTHER).\\ These specifications were manually checked for certain educational terms, which could fall into one of three groups: - educational terms with only one possible interpretation (table 2) - educational terms with two possible interpretations (table 3) - educational terms with no (or too many) possible interpretations (table 4) ^ Table 2: Educational term with one possible interpretation ^ EA score ^ | 1E GRAAD DOCENT | High | | 2E GRAAD DOCENT | High | | 3 JAAR HBS | Low | | ASSISTENT HOVENIER/VERZORGENDE/VOEDING | Low | | BACHELOR HBO | High | | BACHELOR UNIVERSITEIT | High | | BEJAARDENVERZORGING | Middle | | BIJZONDER ONDERWIJS | Low | | CHAUFFEURSOPLEIDING | Low | | CONSERVATORIUM | High | | COUPEUSE, NAAISTER, KOSTUUMNAAISTER | Low | | GEPROMOVEERD | High | | GEZINSVERZORGING | Middle | | HBO | High | | HBO+ | High | | HBO + MASTER | High | | HBO-PROPEDEUSE | Middle | | HELPENDE | Low | | HUISHOUDSCHOOL | Low | | IHNO | Low | | IN SERVICE OPLEIDING VERPLEEGKUNDE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, ZONDER SPECIALISATIE) | Middle | | INAS | Middle | | INTAS | Middle | | ITO | Low | | IVBO | Low | | KAPPERSOPLEIDING | Low | | KAPPERSOPLEIDING VIER JAAR | Middle | | KAPPERSVAKSCHOOL | Middle | | KLEUTERKWEEKSCHOOL | Middle | | KLOS | Middle | | K-MBO | Low | | KORT MBO | Low | | KRAAMVERZORGING | Middle | | KUNSTACADEMIE | High | | KVJV | Middle | | LAGERE LANDBOUWSCHOOL | Low | | LAGERE SCHOOL | Low | | LANDBOUW-HUISHOUDSCHOOL | Low | | LBO | Low | | LEAO | Low | | LHNO | Low | | LTS | Low | | MASTER | High | | MAVO | Low | | MBO+ or MBO++ | Middle | | MBO-1 | Low | | MBO-2 | Low | | MBO-3 | Middle | | MBO-4 | Middle | | MBO-kort | Low | | MBO-lang | Middle | | MHNO | Middle | | MLK | Low | | MMS | Middle | | MULO | Low | | OPLEIDING TOT KLEUTERLEIDSTER | Middle | | PABO | High | | PHD | High | | POST-ACADEMISCH | High | | POST-DOCTORAAL | High | | POST-HBO | High | | PRAKTIJKONDERWIJS | Low | | SPECIAAL ONDERWIJS | Low | | SPW NIVEAU 3 OR 4 | Middle | | ULO | Low | | VAPRO A | Low | | VAPRO B OR C | Middle | | VBO | Low | | VERPLEEGKUNDIGE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, ZONDER SPECIALISATIE) | Middle | | VGLO | Low | | VHBO | Low | | VMBO | Low | | VOORTGEZET SPECIAAL ONDERWIJS | Low | | VORMINGSKLAS | Low | | ZMLK | Low | ^ Table 3: Educational term with two possible interpretations ^ low ^ middle ^ high ^ | ASSOCIATE DEGREE (1) | | x | x | | DIRECTIESECRETARESSE | x | x | | | HOGERE (ZEEVAART / LANDBOUW ETC ) SCHOOL | | x | x | | IN SERVICE OPLEIDING VERPLEEGKUNDE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, MET SPECIALISATIE) | | x | x | | KORT-HBO (1) | | x | x | | KWEEKSCHOOL | | x | x | | LERARENOPLEIDING | | x | x | | MBA (2) | | x | x | | MBO (WITHOUT SPECIFICATION) | x | x | | | MDGO (WITHOUT SPECIFICATION) (3) | x | x | | | MEAO | x | x | | | MIDDELBARE (LANDBOUW/TUINBOUW ETC) SCHOOL | x | x | | | O.V.B. (ORIENTATIE VERZORGENDE BEROEPEN) | x | x | | | SECRETARESSE | x | x | | | VERPLEEGKUNDIGE (A/B, MET/ZONDER AANTEKENINGEN, MET SPECIALISATIE) | | x | x | | WO-PROPEDEUSE (4) | | x | x | * (1) new degree issued by HBO (EA=high) but at level of MBO+ (EA=middle) * (2) refers to either moderne bedrijfsadministratie (EA=middle) or master of business administration (EA=high) * (3) exception: MDGO-AW and MDGO-VZ-LANG can be interpreted as (EA=middle) * (4) WO entry requires having completed either VWO (EA=middle) or HBO (EA=high) ^ **Table 4: educational terms with no possible EA score** ^ EA Score ^ | AVONDSCHOOL | NA | | BEROEPSOPLEIDING | NA | | BEROEPSCURSUS | NA | | DETAILHANDELSCHOOL | NA | | HANDELSAVONDSCHOOL | NA | | IN SERVICE OPLEIDING | NA | | LANDBOUWSCHOOL | NA | | TUINBOUWSCHOOL | NA | | VAKSCHOOL / VAKOPLEIDING | NA | ===== Step 3 ===== Participants with highest degree 'other' were assigned a final EA score based on their full responses according to the following validation rules: ^ If EDUCOTHER: ^ Then EA = ^ | … contains no interpretable response | NA | | … conveys that participant is currently studying (“nog bezig”, “nog niet af”, “momenteel mee bezig”, “ik zit nu op het VWO”, etc.) | NA | | … indicates education in foreign country (“HAVO in China”, “opgegroeid in Zwitserland en daar naar school geweest, “lagere school in Turkije”) | NA | | … indicates performing at a certain level of education without formally achieving this level (“gelijkwaardig aan HBO”, “avondschool op HBO-niveau”) | NA | | … indicates level of education higher than the highest level (“gepromoveerd”, “post-HBO”) | high | | … mentions a low level of education and conveys that participant did not complete this level (“deelcertificaten”,“niet afgemaakt”, “1 jaar ULO gedaan”) | low | | … mentions a middle level of education and conveys that participant did not complete this level | low | | … mentions a high level of education and conveys that participant did not complete this level | NA | | … contains multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating different levels (“HAVO + HBO”, “Kleuterkweekschool, daarna SPH gehaald”) AND no responses in group 2 (dubious) AND no responses in group 3 (NA) (exception: the word “cursus” without any specification is to be ignored) | choose highest level | | … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=low AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) AND/OR one or more responses in group 3 (NA) | NA | | … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=middle AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) pointing to either EA=low or EA=middle AND no responses in group 3 (NA) | middle | | … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=middle AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) pointing to either EA=low, EA=middle or EA=high AND/OR one or more responses in group 3 (NA) | NA | | … contains one or multiple responses in group 1 (interpretable) indicating EA=high AND one or more responses in group 2 (dubious) AND/OR one or more responses in group 3 (NA) | high |