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--- personality_asi [2019/07/10 12:32] – trynke
+++ personality_asi [2025/02/05 13:49] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== Personality (ASI) ======
-The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) is a 16-item self-report instrument that provides a measure of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_sensitivity|anxiety sensitivity]] (AS), a psychological construct that has been shown to be a central cognitive risk factor relevant to anxiety and its disorders.\\
+The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) is a 16-item self-report instrument that provides a measure of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_sensitivity|anxiety sensitivity]] (AS), a psychological construct that has been shown to be a central cognitive risk factor relevant to anxiety and its disorders ([[sections|section]]: [[mental health]]).\\
-**Note: The ASI was only used in the Pilot questionnaire of assessment [[1A]], and was filled in by 2730 adult participants.**\\
+**Note: The ASI was only used in the Pilot questionnaire of assessment [[1A]], and was filled in by 2730 adult [[start|Lifelines]] participants.**\\
-After the pilot, the ASI was dropped in favor of other personality tests: [[Peronality (NEO-PI)|Neo-PI]] and [[Peronality (PANAS)|PANAS]].
+After the pilot, the ASI was dropped in favor of other personality tests: [[Personality (GAS)|GAS]], [[Personality (Type D)|Type D]], and [[Personality (NEO)|NEO]].
 ===== Background and validation =====
-AS is defined as the fear of arousal-related sensations (e.g., fear of heart palpitations), which arise from beliefs that these anxiety-related sensations have harmful consequences ((Reiss, S., Peterson, R.A., Gursky, D.M., & McNally, R.J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1-8)). Individual differences in AS are hypothesized to emerge from both genetic and maladaptive learning experiences that lead to the acquisition of beliefs about the aversive consequences of arousal and anxiety-related states ((Reiss & Havercamp, 1998))((Stewart et al., 2001)).\\
+AS is defined as the fear of arousal-related sensations (e.g., fear of heart palpitations), which arise from beliefs that these anxiety-related sensations have harmful consequences ((Reiss, S., Peterson, R.A., Gursky, D.M., & McNally, R.J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1-8)).\\
 Taylor and colleagues developed the ASI-3 in order to assess the basic dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: (1) fear of physical symptoms, (2) fear of cognitive symptoms, and (3) fear of publicly observable symptoms
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 The validity and reliability of the 16-item ASI was tested in the general population ((Reiss, S., Peterson, R.A., Gursky, D.M., & McNally, R.J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1-8)) and more recently in a population of Dutch young adults ((Vujanovic et al. 2007, Assessment 14(2); 129-143)).\\
-There is a long list of papers describing the links between a high ASI-score and the development of disorders such as phobia and panic disorders, amongst others. A recent book by Steven Taylor ((Anxiety Sensitivity, 2014) gives a thorough overview.\\
+There are several links between a high ASI-score and the development of disorders such as phobia and panic disorders, amongst others ((Anxiety Sensitivity: Theory, Research, and Treatment of the Fear of Anxiety (Personality and Clinical Psychology Series), 2014)). \\
 ==== Variables ====
-Participants score 16 items on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from “this does not apply to me at all” to “this does very much apply to me”.\\
+Participants score 16 items on a 5-point [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likert_scale|Likert scale]], ranging from “this does not apply to me at all” to “this does very much apply to me”.\\
 | **Questions English**                                                                      | **Questions Dutch**                                                                | **Variable**  | **Assessment**             | **Age**  |
 | It is important for me not to appear nervous.                                              | Ik vind het belangrijk om niet zenuwachtig over te komen.                          | ASI1          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
-| When I cannot keep my mind on a task, I worry that I might be going crazy.                 |  Als ik ergens mijn aandacht niet bij kan houden, ben ik bang gek te worden.       | ASI2          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
+| When I cannot keep my mind on a task, I worry that I might be going crazy.                 | Als ik ergens mijn aandacht niet bij kan houden, ben ik bang gek te worden.       | ASI2          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
 | It scares me when I feel shaky (trembling).                                                | Het maakt me bang wanneer ik me draaierig (trillerig) voel.                        | ASI3          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
 | It scares me when I feel faint.                                                            | Het maakt me bang wanneer ik me duizelig voel.                                     | ASI4          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
-| It is important to me to stay in control of my emotions.                                   |  Ik vind het belangrijk om mijn emoties de baas te blijven                         | ASI5          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
+| It is important to me to stay in control of my emotions.                                   | Ik vind het belangrijk om mijn emoties de baas te blijven                         | ASI5          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
 | It scares me when my heart beats rapidly.                                                  | Het maakt mij bang wanneer mijn hart snel klopt.                                   | ASI6          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
 | It embarrasses me when my stomach growls.                                                  | Ik ben van slag wanneer mijn maag knort.                                           | ASI7          | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
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 | It scares me when I become short of breath.                                                | Het maakt me bang wanneer ik adem tekort kom.                                      | ASI10         | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
 | When my stomach is upset, I worry that I might be seriously ill.                           | Wanneer mijn maag van streek is, ben ik bang erg ziek te worden.                   | ASI11         | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
-| It scares me when I am unable to keep my mind on a task.                                   |  Het maakt me bang wanneer ik ergens mijn aandacht niet bij kan houden.            | ASI12         | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
+| It scares me when I am unable to keep my mind on a task.                                   | Het maakt me bang wanneer ik ergens mijn aandacht niet bij kan houden.            | ASI12         | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
 | Other people notice when I feel shaky.                                                     | Anderen merken aan mij dat ik me draaierig voel.                                   | ASI13         | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |
 | Unusual body sensations scare me.                                                          | Ongewone lichamelijke sensaties maken me bang.                                     | ASI14         | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]]  | 18+      |