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====== Gender index ====== | ====== Gender index ====== | ||
- | Adult [[start|Lifelines]] participants completed [[1A|baseline]] questions on a broad range of topics, enabling researchers from the [[https://www.rug.nl/staff/a.v.ballering/research|University Medical Center Groningen]] to calculate a gender index((Ballering A.V., Bonvanie I.J., olde Hartman T.C., Monden R., Rosmalen J.G.M. (2020) Gender and sex independently associate with common somatic symptoms and lifetime prevalence of chronic disease. Social Science & Medicine)). | + | Adult [[start|Lifelines]] participants completed [[1A|baseline]] questions on a broad range of topics, enabling researchers from the [[https://www.rug.nl/staff/a.v.ballering/research|University Medical Center Groningen]] to calculate a gender index. This index is a continuum, ranging from 0% (masculinity) to 100% (femininity). A gender index of 50% indicates androgyny, where equal levels of feminine and masculine characteristics are present ([[sections]]: [[demographics]] ([[sex & gender]]) and [[secondary & linked variables]]). |
- | The gender index can be requested in the Lifelines catalogue or by mail (data@lifelines.nl). When this data has been used in your research, you will have to include a reference to the paper listed below ([[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112968|see here]]). | + | The gender index can be requested in the Lifelines catalogue or by mail (data@lifelines.nl). When this data has been used in your research, you will have to include a reference to the following paper: |
+ | * [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112968|Ballering A.V., Bonvanie I.J., olde Hartman T.C., Monden R., Rosmalen J.G.M. (2020) Gender and sex independently associate with common somatic symptoms and lifetime prevalence of chronic disease. Social Science & Medicine 253, 112968]]. | ||
===== Data selection ===== | ===== Data selection ===== | ||
- | Participants had to meet several participants in order to be included in the calculation: | + | Participants had to meet several criteria in order to be included in the calculation: |
- | * Participants have completed the adult baseline questionnaire | + | * Participants have completed the adult [[1A|baseline]] questionnaires |
- | * Participants have their DNA analyzed in GWAS | + | * Participants have their DNA analyzed in [[GWAS|GWAS]] |
* Participants had no suspected intersex condition or non-conform gender identity | * Participants had no suspected intersex condition or non-conform gender identity | ||
This selection resulted in the inclusion of N=13,321 adult Lifelines participants in a subsample, which was used to calculate the gender index.\\ | This selection resulted in the inclusion of N=13,321 adult Lifelines participants in a subsample, which was used to calculate the gender index.\\ | ||
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All psychological and social variables are included in the model to construct the gender index, as far as these meet both of the following criteria: | All psychological and social variables are included in the model to construct the gender index, as far as these meet both of the following criteria: | ||
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The resulting variable from this analysis is the gender index. This variable is a continuum, ranging from 0% (masculinity) to 100% (femininity). A gender index of 50% indicates androgyny, where equal levels of feminine and masculine characteristics are present.\\ | The resulting variable from this analysis is the gender index. This variable is a continuum, ranging from 0% (masculinity) to 100% (femininity). A gender index of 50% indicates androgyny, where equal levels of feminine and masculine characteristics are present.\\ | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
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+ | ===== Publications using the Gender Index ===== | ||
+ | * Ballering AV et al. (2020) Gender and sex independently associate with common somatic symptoms and lifetime prevalence of chronic disease. Social Science & Medicine 253, 112968 | ||
+ | * Ballering AV et al. (2020) Female sex and femininity independently associate with common somatic symptom trajectories. Psychological Medicine (in press) | ||